Terminology for Use in Lactational Physiology

Cowie, A. T.; Folley, S. J.; Cross, Barry; Harris, G. W.; Jacobsohn, Dora; Richardson, K. C.

doi:10.1038/168421a0

Cited by 60 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The total lockon or nursing event (recorded in sec). This was the total number of sec from lockon to lockoff, a calf was observed to be on his mother's mammary [Cowie et al, 1951].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing behaviors of beluga calves (Delphinapterus leucas) born in captivity

1997

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“…The total lockon or nursing event (recorded in sec). This was the total number of sec from lockon to lockoff, a calf was observed to be on his mother's mammary [Cowie et al, 1951].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing behaviors of beluga calves (Delphinapterus leucas) born in captivity

1997

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“…It seems that milk contained in the lactiferous sinuses and cisterns of the glands ('sinus milk') can be removed by a process of ' passive withdrawal ', whereas that contained in the alveoli and smaller ducts ('alveolar milk') requires the maternal response of 'let-down' or ' milk ejection ' before it can be withdrawn [Hammond, 1936]. In this paper the term 'milk ejection' will be used in place of 'let-down', on the grounds that the process involves an active reflex response on the part of the mother [Cowie, Folley, Cross, Harris, Jacobsohn & Richardson, 1951].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Role of the Neurohypophysis in the Milk-Ejection Reflex

Cross¹,

Harris²

1952

J Endocrinol

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157

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Nursing and suckling behaviour of rabbits is described, and evidence given that an active process of milk ejection ('let-down') occurs in this as in other species.Intravenous injection of posterior pituitary extracts in anaesthetized rabbits resulted in ejection of milk from a cannulated teat duct. The threshold dose was about 5 mU. and maximal responses were produced by 200 mU. of extract. Whole posterior pituitary extract was more effective than the oxytocic fraction, which was in turn more effective than the vasopressor fraction.

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“…Milk is removed from the mammary gland by passive withdrawal from the cisterns and sinuses or by an active process of milk ejection (Cowie, Folley, Cross, Harris, Jacobsohn & Richardson, 1951). Milk ejection is effected by contraction of the myoepithelial cells surrounding the alveoli G. W. BISSET AND OTHERS and finer ducts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood levels of oxytocin and vasopressin during suckling in the rabbit and the problem of their independent release

Bisset¹,

Clark²,

Haldar³

1970

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Oxytocin and vasopressin were assayed in samples of blood collected from conscious rabbits during suckling. The milk yields were determined from the weight gain of the litters.2. With normal milk yields (35-155 g), relatively high concentrations (31-375 ,uu./ml.) of oxytocin were present in the blood but vasopressin was detected in only one out of eight samples. It is concluded that the release of oxytocin by the milk-ejection reflex is essential for normal milk removal in the rabbit and that this hormone is released independently ofvasopressin.3. When the milk yield did not exceed 15 g, an amount which could be removed by passive withdrawal from the mammary gland, vasopressin was detected in four out of five blood samples but none contained a detectable concentration of oxytocin. This result can be explained by the intervention of emotional stress which is known to block the milkejection reflex but which acts as a stimulus for the release of vasopressin.4. Emotional stress could inhibit the milk-ejection reflex either centrally by blocking the release of oxytocin, or peripherally by blocking the response of the mammary gland to circulating oxytocin. The absence of the hormone in blood during ineffectual suckling suggests that the block is central.

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Terminology for Use in Lactational Physiology

Cited by 60 publications

References 1 publication

Nursing behaviors of beluga calves (Delphinapterus leucas) born in captivity

Nursing behaviors of beluga calves (Delphinapterus leucas) born in captivity

The Role of the Neurohypophysis in the Milk-Ejection Reflex

Blood levels of oxytocin and vasopressin during suckling in the rabbit and the problem of their independent release

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