Terminations

Correlates of Clients’ emotional and Behavioral Responses to Treatment Termination

“…With respect to client behaviors at TT, the theoretical literature points to a variety of negative behaviors, such as regression (Elbow, 1987;Shane & Shane, 1984), the development of new symptoms (Friestein, 1974;Levinson, 1977), and engaging in negative ways of avoiding termination (Garland, Jones, & Kolodny, 1973;Northen, 1988), along with more neutral behaviors, such as engaging in evaluations of the progress of the treatment (Flapan & Fenchel, 1987;Ryz & Wilson, 1999) and the quality of the therapeutic process (Hess & Hess, 1984;Lanyado,1999). The single empirical study the author found (Fortune et al, 1992) shows the salience of positive or effectively neutral responses, namely client evaluation of the progress and success of the therapy, evaluation of the therapeutic experience, and positive flight into constructive activity outside treatment, and comparatively weak negative responses, such as attacking the therapist, missing sessions, expressing need for further treatment, re-experiencing earlier losses.…”

Anxiety Levels, Group Characteristics, and Members’ Behaviors in the Termination Stage of Support Groups for Patients Recovering From Heart Attacks

“…Conclusions: Measuring group effectiveness before, during, and after the intervention enriches the knowledge of the correlation between group processes and group outcomes. Identifying behavior patterns contribute to social worker's online ability to evaluate group effectiveness.Theoretical approaches that have looked at the termination phase of a support group (Flapan & Fenchel, 1987;Keyton, 1993;Yalom, 1985) claim that particular experiences that are important to the health of individual group members are liable to arise at this stage of the group's development. These experiences concern separation, a sense of loss, abandonment anxiety, and an uncertainty regarding the future.…”

“…Theoretical approaches that have looked at the termination phase of a support group (Flapan & Fenchel, 1987;Keyton, 1993;Yalom, 1985) claim that particular experiences that are important to the health of individual group members are liable to arise at this stage of the group's development. These experiences concern separation, a sense of loss, abandonment anxiety, and an uncertainty regarding the future.…”

“…Termination of the group severs the emotional bonding process while paradoxically demanding an emotional effort at the severance stage (Flapan & Fenchel, 1987;Moreland & Levine, 1988). Termination is the process of separating from the group.…”

“…These behaviors reflect unpleasant feelings of loss and abandonment (Eklof, 1984) along with pleasant feelings of joy, relief, and a sense of accomplishment. Even if severance is planned in advance, the feelings accompanying it are generally characterized by an ambivalence that consists of mingled positive and negative emotions (Flapan & Fenchel, 1987;Ross, 1991;Yalom, 1985).These typical behaviors and emotions occur simultaneously during group termination, and their presence alone may expose group members to new demands that may upset their emotional balance and raise their anxiety levels.…”