Terminal Schwann cells elaborate extensive processes following denervation of the motor endplate

Reynolds, M. L.; Woolf, C. J.

doi:10.1007/bf01206897

Cited by 193 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The exact disposition of 'perisynaptic fibroblasts' is unclear from previous reports, since they were depicted diagrammatically to be near to, but not overlying, neuromuscular junctions (Murray and Robbins, 1982;Gatchalian et al, 1989;Weis et al, 1991). No discernible immunofluorescence of NMJ-capping cells was detected using Thy-1 antibody, although axons, which also express Thy-1 antigen were immunolabelled (Reynolds and Woolf, 1992;Feng et al, 2000;Van der Putten et al, 2000). There were other Thy-1-positive cells near the NMJ but these did not include the 2166-positive NMJ-capping cells (supplementary material Fig.…”

Section: Nmj-capping Cells Show a Distinct Immunocytochemical Profilementioning

confidence: 74%

Identity, developmental restriction and reactivity of extralaminar cells capping mammalian neuromuscular junctions

Court

Gillingwater

Melrose

et al. 2008

Journal of Cell Science

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Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are normally thought to comprise three major cell types: skeletal muscle fibres, motor neuron terminals and perisynaptic terminal Schwann cells. Here we studied a fourth population of junctional cells in mice and rats, revealed using a novel cytoskeletal antibody (2166). These cells lie outside the synaptic basal lamina but form caps over NMJs during postnatal development. NMJ-capping cells also bound rPH, HM-24, CD34 antibodies and cholera toxin B subunit. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation indicated activation, proliferation and spread of NMJ-capping cells following denervation in adults, in advance of terminal Schwann cell sprouting. The NMJ-capping cell reaction coincided with expression of tenascin-C but was independent of this molecule because capping cells also dispersed after denervation in tenascin-C-null mutant mice. NMJ-capping cells also dispersed after local paralysis with botulinum toxin and in atrophic muscles of transgenic R6/2 mice. We conclude that NMJ-capping cells (proposed name `kranocytes') represent a neglected, canonical cellular constituent of neuromuscular junctions where they could play a permissive role in synaptic regeneration.

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Section: Nmj-capping Cells Show a Distinct Immunocytochemical Profilementioning

confidence: 74%

Identity, developmental restriction and reactivity of extralaminar cells capping mammalian neuromuscular junctions

Court

Gillingwater

Melrose

et al. 2008

Journal of Cell Science

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“…At this time, TSCs surround and phagocytose degenerating fragments of terminal axons (Miledi, 1970, Miledi, 1968 and project long processes that can penetrate muscle (Reynolds and Woolf, 1992). One week following sciatic nerve crush, an abrupt decline in TSC numbers is noted, and may be caused by the migration of TSCs from denervated NMJs, a complete lack of S100 promoter activity, or cell death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinnervation of the tibialis anterior following sciatic nerve crush injury: A confocal microscopic study in transgenic mice

Magill

Tong

Kawamura

et al. 2007

Experimental Neurology

108

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Transgenic mice whose axons and Schwann cells express fluorescent chromophores enable new imaging techniques and augment concepts in developmental neurobiology. The utility of these tools in the study of traumatic nerve injury depends on employing nerve models that are amenable to microsurgical manipulation and gauging functional recovery. Motor recovery from sciatic nerve crush injury is studied here by evaluating motor endplates of the tibialis anterior muscle, which is innervated by the deep peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve. Following sciatic nerve crush, the deep surface of the tibialis anterior muscle is examined using whole mount confocal microscopy, and reinnervation is characterized by imaging fluorescent axons or Schwann cells (SCs). One week following sciatic crush injury, 100% of motor endplates are denervated with partial reinnervation at two weeks, hyperinnervation at three and four weeks, and restoration of a 1:1 axon to motor endplate relationship six weeks after injury. Walking track analysis reveals progressive recovery of sciatic nerve function by six weeks. SCs reveal reduced S100 expression within two weeks of denervation, correlating with regression to a more immature phenotype. Reinnervation of SCs restores S100 expression and a fully differentiated phenotype. Following denervation, there is altered morphology of circumscribed terminal Schwann cells demonstrating extensive process formation between adjacent motor endplates. The thin, uniformly innervated tibialis anterior muscle is well suited for studying motor reinnervation following sciatic nerve injury. Confocal microscopy may be performed coincident with other techniques of assessing nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

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“…Some synaptic sites that had completely lost nerve terminals also lacked Schwann cell processes. However, during the early phases of axon-terminal retraction (12-36 h), Schwann cells did not sprout as normally occurs after denervation (Reynolds and Woolf, 1992), but rather remained in synaptic gutters even after axons vacated synaptic territory (Fig. 3, supple-mental Fig.…”

Section: Presynaptic Axons Vacate Postsynaptic Achr Sites Whereas Schmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Synapse Elimination after Postsynaptic Protein Synthesis InhibitionIn Vivo

McCann¹,

Nguyen²,

Neto³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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To examine the role of retrograde signals on synaptic maintenance, we inhibited protein synthesis in individual postsynaptic cells in vivo while monitoring presynaptic terminals. Within 12 h, axon terminals begin to atrophy and withdraw from normal postsynaptic sites. Structural similarities between this process and naturally occurring synapse elimination suggest that short-lived target derived factors not only participate in synaptic maintenance in adults, but also regulate elimination of connections during development.

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Terminal Schwann cells elaborate extensive processes following denervation of the motor endplate

Cited by 193 publications

References 75 publications

Identity, developmental restriction and reactivity of extralaminar cells capping mammalian neuromuscular junctions

Identity, developmental restriction and reactivity of extralaminar cells capping mammalian neuromuscular junctions

Reinnervation of the tibialis anterior following sciatic nerve crush injury: A confocal microscopic study in transgenic mice

Rapid Synapse Elimination after Postsynaptic Protein Synthesis InhibitionIn Vivo

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