Teratological studies with dichlorvos vapour in rabbits and rats

Thorpe, E.; Wilson, A. B.; Dix, K. M.; Blair, D.

doi:10.1007/bf00605271

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A treatment by inhalation also gave negative results for rabbits (Thorpe et al, 1972). In the same species no teratogenic effect was obtained after treatment at the 5 mg/ kg/ day dose level from the 6th to 18th day p.c.…”

Section: Organophosphorus Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Insecticides

Moutschen-Dahmen

Degraeve

1984

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Industrial Pollutants

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Section: Organophosphorus Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Insecticides

Moutschen-Dahmen

Degraeve

1984

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Industrial Pollutants

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“…For all organophosphate pesticides, neuronal acetylcholinesterase inhibition is widely regarded as a direct biomarker for toxicity, even though there is ample evidence that significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition frequently occurs in the absence of overt toxicity (6,8,38,(117)(118)(119)(120)(121)(122)(123). Acetylcholinesterase is also present in red blood cells (RBCs) where, it has been shown, it is inhibited in parallel fashion to neuronal acetylcholinesterase after exposure to several organophosphates (30,124,125).…”

Section: Red Blood Cell Acetylcholinesterasementioning

confidence: 98%

Organophosphorus Pesticides

Storm¹

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Most organophosphorus compounds today fall into two general groups: the so‐called nerve agents, that are very acutely toxic and organophosphorus pesticides that are less toxic. Nerve agents were generally the first toxic organophosphorus developed, and were the original basis for organophosphorus pesticides. Interest about nerve agents has increased lately given concerns about their potential use in terrorist acts. Organophosphate nerve agents and pesticides are a highly diverse group of chemicals. They are all characterized by their ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that deactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). At present, the widest use of organophosphorus compounds is as pesticides, although they have also been used as therapeutic agents, gasoline additives, hydraulic fluids, cotton defoliants, fire retardants, plastic components, growth regulators, and industrial intermediates to a much smaller extent. Compounds in this class are numerous and have been categorized in many ways according to the nature of the substituents. Gallo and Lawryk (1991) [2], for example, categorized them into four main groups I–IV based on the characteristics of the leaving group (X). Group I compounds, phosphorylcholines, have a leaving group that contains a quaternary nitrogen and are among the most potent organophosphates (e.g., Shradan). Group II compounds, fluorophosphates, have a fluoride leaving group and are also generally highly toxic (e.g., diisopropyl fluorophosphate). Group III compounds have leaving groups that contain cyanide or a halogen other than fluoride and are generally less potent than group I or II (e.g., Parathion). Group IV contains most of the organophosphates used as insecticides today. These compounds have alkoxy, alkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, or heterocyclic leaving groups and a wide variety of other substituents. Another classification scheme is based on the nature of the atoms that immediately surround the central phosphorus atom and results in 14 different categories. According to this scheme, phosphates are the prototype for the entire class and are those compounds where all four atoms that surround the phosphorus atom are oxygen (e.g., dichlorvos, mevinphos). Sulfur‐containing organophosphate compounds (phosphorothioates, phosphorothiolates, phosphorodithioates, and phosphorodithiolates) are far more numerous than phosphates and include well‐recognized organophosphate insecticides such as parathion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, etc. Other groups contain nitrogen (phosphoramides and phosphorodiamides), nitrogen and sulfur (phosphoramidothionates and phosphoramidothiolates), carbon (phosphonates and phosphinates), or carbon and sulfur (phosphonothionates, phosphonothionothiolates, and phosphinothionates). All aspects of organophosphate chemistry, toxicity, analysis, and exposure potential have been previously and comprehensively reviewed. In addition, information regarding the toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides in particular has expanded greatly in recent years as a result of toxicity data supplied by registrants to the U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticides to support reregistration. These data have been made publicly available by the U.S. EPA on its Internet Web site ( www.epa.gov/pesticides ). The following discussion draws heavily from recent reviews and also includes summaries of relevant toxicity data submitted to, and made available by, the U.S. EPA.

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“…Earlier animal studies reported death within 7 to 62 hours after exposure to air saturated with dichlorvos for rats (Durham et al , 1957). Thorpe and Colleagues (1972) reported death of pregnant rabbits after inhalation of dichlorvos for 28 days at 4 mg/m3 and 6.25 mg/m3. Acute toxicity studies reported LD 50 of 50 mg/kg (Durham et al , 1957), 97.5 mg/kg (Keda et al , 1990), 133 mg/kg (Haley et al , 1975) and 139 mg/kg (Haley et al , 1975) for female Sherman rats, male fisher rats, female mice, and male mice, respectively.…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study reported developmental abnormalities such as lack of blood flow, cardiac edema, delayed hatching and vertebra malformations in embryos and larvae. Another study by Thorpe and Collegues (Thorpe et al , 1972) investigated developmental effects of dichlorvos via inhalation in fifteen (15) pregnant E rats within their twenty-day gestational period. The study reported stillbirths, resorption sites, skeletal defects, gastroschisis and other external malformations.…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichlorvos toxicity: A public health perspective

Okoroiwu

Iwara

2018

Interdisciplinary Toxicology

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Pesticides are used in agriculture and in domestic pest control. Dichlorvos, an organophosphate, is a predominant pesticide used in domestic insect control in developing countries. Acute and prolonged exposure may lead to death, genotoxic, neurological, reproductive, carcinogenic, immunological, hepatic, renal, respiratory, metabolic, dermal and other systemic effects. Its toxicity is due to the ability of the compound to inhibit acetyl cholinesterase at cholinergic junction of the nervous system. This study is a review of the toxicological effects of dichlorvos in a public health perspective.

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Teratological studies with dichlorvos vapour in rabbits and rats

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Insecticides

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Insecticides

Organophosphorus Pesticides

Dichlorvos toxicity: A public health perspective

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