Teratogenic and Toxic Effects of Alcohol Ethoxylate and Alcohol Ethoxy Sulfate Surfactants on Xenopus laevis Embryos and Tadpoles

Cardellini, Pietro; Ometto, Lino

doi:10.1006/eesa.2000.2005

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…A study characterizing the effects on Xenopus embryos and tadpoles, following waterborne exposure to an alcohol ethoxylate, showed that mortality occurred after mitochondrial damage (Cardellini and Ometto 2001). The authors concluded that death was caused by disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which was preceded by extensive injury to the lipid and protein composition of exposed membranes.…”

Section: Controls Increasing Surfactant Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Disrupting mitochondrial function with surfactants inhibits MA-10 Leydig cell steroidogenesis

et al. 2007

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It is well established that surfactants can elicit cytotoxic effects at threshold concentrations by changing the permeability and solubilizing components of cell membranes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between perturbation of the mitochondrial membrane resulting from treatment with representative cationic, nonionic, and anionic surfactants and the extent to which this perturbation affects steroid formation and StAR protein expression and activity in MA-10 Leydig cells. The StAR protein is synthesized as an active 37 kDa extramitochondrial form, which is processed into a 30 kDa intramitochondrial form after cholesterol transfer and mitochondrial import and processing. It has been shown in several in vitro studies that the mitochondrial electrochemical gradient is required for the StAR protein to transfer cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Each substance that was tested produced a concentration-dependent decrease in steroid formation in hCG-stimulated MA-10 cells. Decreases in progesterone production were accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and by a decrease in the levels of the 30 kDa form of the StAR protein. However, levels of the 37 kDa form of the StAR protein did not decrease, indicating no effect on StAR protein expression. These results demonstrate how perturbation of the mitochondrial membrane by surfactants inhibits import, processing, and cholesterol transfer activity and underscore the importance of including sensitive assays that evaluate mitochondrial function when screening for potential effects on steroidogenesis with in vitro test systems.

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Section: Controls Increasing Surfactant Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Disrupting mitochondrial function with surfactants inhibits MA-10 Leydig cell steroidogenesis

et al. 2007

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“…Subsequent studies in a variety of species have confirmed the relatively high toxicity of glyphosatebased products containing POEA when exposed to amphibian larvae (Smith, 2001;Lajmanovich et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2004;Edginton et al, 2004b;Relyea, 2004aRelyea, , 2005aRelyea and Jones, in press;Cauble and Wagner, 2005;Comstock et al, 2007) and similarly found POEA to be responsible for the toxicity (Perkins et al, 2000;Edginton et al, 2004a;Howe et al, 2004). In acute toxicity tests, the toxic effects of POEA on aquatic biota appears to be associated with interference with gill morphology (Cardellini and Ometto, 2001;Lajmanovich et al, 2003), with mortality likely being the result of either the loss of osmotic stability or asphyxiation. At sub-lethal concentrations, exposure to POEA or glyphosate/ POEA formulations has been variously reported to result in delayed development (Howe et al, 2004), accelerated development (Cauble and Wagner, 2005), reduced size at metamorphosis (Howe et al, (Schuytema and Nebeker, 1999a) 2004; Cauble and Wagner, 2005), developmental malformations of the tail, mouth, eye and head (Lajmanovich et al, 2003;Howe et al, 2004), histological indications of intersex (Howe et al, 2004) and symptoms of oxidative stress (Costa et al, 2008).…”

Section: Glyphosate Formulations -A Special Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Amphibians and agricultural chemicals: Review of the risks in a complex environment

Mann

Hyne²,

Choung

et al. 2009

Environmental Pollution

502

334

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“…In aquatic organisms, surfactants increase mucus production in the epidermis and gills. They also damage gill epithelium and alter mitochondrial structure, which results in hypoxia and death (Lewis, 1991;Cardellini & Ometto, 2001;Mann & Bidwell, 2001). It has been suggested that the surfactant properties of NAs may be responsible for most of the toxicity seen in aquatic species (Nero et al, 2006;Schramm et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exposure to Naphthenic Acids in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) on the Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta, Canada

Gentes

Waldner

Papp

et al. 2007

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Naphthenic acids (NAs) are a group of carboxylic acids that are of particular concern to the steadily growing oil sands mining industry of Alberta, Canada, because they become highly concentrated in the water used for oil sands extraction and are toxic to aquatic biota and mammals. Upon mine closure, vast amounts of process-affected water will need to be reclaimed and proven safe for wildlife colonizing reclaimed areas. The effects of exposure to NAs have not been investigated in avian species. To address this void, tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings were dosed with NAs while being reared normally by their free-ranging parents on a site in the vicinity of the oil sands. Nestlings received 1.5 mg NAs/day (approximately 0.075 g/kg body mass) from d 7 to d 13 of age, which represented a 10-fold "worst exposure" scenario. Nestling growth, hematocrit, blood biochemistry, organ weights, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity were unaffected by NAs. The only change detected on histopathological evaluation of major organs was an increase in extramedullary erythropoiesis in the liver. These findings indicate that nestling tree swallows can successfully tolerate short-term exposures to environmentally realistic concentrations of NAs. However, this study did not investigate the chronic or reproductive toxicity of NAs. More research needs to be conducted to complete this initial assessment, to determine environmental risks on reclaimed areas where birds will be breeding and where their exposure to NAs could extend for several weeks.

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Teratogenic and Toxic Effects of Alcohol Ethoxylate and Alcohol Ethoxy Sulfate Surfactants on Xenopus laevis Embryos and Tadpoles

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Disrupting mitochondrial function with surfactants inhibits MA-10 Leydig cell steroidogenesis

Disrupting mitochondrial function with surfactants inhibits MA-10 Leydig cell steroidogenesis

Amphibians and agricultural chemicals: Review of the risks in a complex environment

Effects of Exposure to Naphthenic Acids in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) on the Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta, Canada

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