“…Subsequent studies in a variety of species have confirmed the relatively high toxicity of glyphosatebased products containing POEA when exposed to amphibian larvae (Smith, 2001;Lajmanovich et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2004;Edginton et al, 2004b;Relyea, 2004aRelyea, , 2005aRelyea and Jones, in press;Cauble and Wagner, 2005;Comstock et al, 2007) and similarly found POEA to be responsible for the toxicity (Perkins et al, 2000;Edginton et al, 2004a;Howe et al, 2004). In acute toxicity tests, the toxic effects of POEA on aquatic biota appears to be associated with interference with gill morphology (Cardellini and Ometto, 2001;Lajmanovich et al, 2003), with mortality likely being the result of either the loss of osmotic stability or asphyxiation. At sub-lethal concentrations, exposure to POEA or glyphosate/ POEA formulations has been variously reported to result in delayed development (Howe et al, 2004), accelerated development (Cauble and Wagner, 2005), reduced size at metamorphosis (Howe et al, (Schuytema and Nebeker, 1999a) 2004; Cauble and Wagner, 2005), developmental malformations of the tail, mouth, eye and head (Lajmanovich et al, 2003;Howe et al, 2004), histological indications of intersex (Howe et al, 2004) and symptoms of oxidative stress (Costa et al, 2008).…”