Terahertz-wave generation devices using electro-optic polymer slab waveguides and cyclo-olefin polymer clads

Kaji, Tatsuru; Tominari, Yukihiro; Yamada, Toshiki; Saito, Shingo; Morohashi, Isao; Otomo, Akira

doi:10.1364/oe.26.030466

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…97 KAJI et al fabricated a terahertz wave generating device combining an EO polymer film with a cyclic olefin polymer COP substrate (terahertz absorption coefficient is quite smaller than common polymers). 98 It is the first demonstration that terahertz was generated from an EO polymer waveguide structure using a compact fiber laser (Fig. 17 Compared to organic crystals, EO polymers have relatively small absorption coefficients without strong absorption peaks over a wide terahertz range, and it is feasible to generate ultra broad band and gap-free terahertz.…”

Section: Terahertzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poled polymers and their nonlinear optics

Wang

Zhan

et al. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. C

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Section: Terahertzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poled polymers and their nonlinear optics

Wang

Zhan

et al. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. C

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“…Organic NLO polymers are another type of active material that can be used for THz wave generation and detection; in these polymers, the NLO chromophores are dispersed or covalently bonded to the polymer host matrix. [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] To achieve the required noncentrosymmetric ordering of chromophores, a strong external force (e.g., a high DC electric field) is typically applied near and above the glass transition temperature, T g , of the polymer matrix in a poling process; therefore, organic NLO polymers are often referred to as poled polymers. Considering the value of the macroscopic NLO susceptibility, poled polymers may be more advantageous than organic NLO crystals.…”

Section: Comparison With Organic Nlo Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] In addition, electro-optic polymer (slab) waveguides and claddings were also explored. [89,90] In contrast, several benchmark organic NLO crystals possess an optimal in-plane polar axis in their natural as-grown crystal morphology, e.g., DAST, DSTMS, and OH1. [54,55,99] For organic crystals, it is also potentially possible to obtain a desired crystal orientation by additional cutting procedures (e.g., a simple cleaving method for HMQ-TMS [45] ), as discussed in Section 3.1.5.…”

Section: Comparison With Organic Nlo Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Nonlinear Optical Organic Crystals for Efficient Terahertz Wave Generation, Detection, and Applications

Kim

Kang

Puc

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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ordering in the crystalline state should be simultaneously considered when designing organic π-conjugated crystals to achieve the desired physical properties. However, the prediction of the molecular ordering of organic π-conjugated chromophores in the crystalline state is still significantly difficult. This is because most organic π-conjugated chromophores exhibit several complex intermolecular and intramolecular interactions (and interionic interactions) with multiple possible molecular conformations during the self-assembling process in the crystalline state. [17,18] For each specific target application, a different targeted control of the molecular ordering of chromophores in the crystalline state is required, which is still an important issue in the molecular (and crystal) engineering of various organic π-conjugated crystalline materials.This issue is more critical for organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals and will be the focus of this review. Organic NLO crystals can be used in diverse nonlinear photonic applications, such as frequency down-and up-conversion, terahertz (THz) wave generation and detection, phase and amplitude electro-optic modulation, and high-speed telecommunication integrated optics. [19][20][21][22][23] Organic crystals must possess a noncentrosymmetric molecular ordering of chromophores to achieve second-order optical nonlinearity. However, in addition to the aforementioned complicated molecular interactions, the introduction of strong polar substituents (electron-donating groups (EDGs) and electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs)) on widely used push-pull π-conjugated chromophores to increase their molecular nonlinearity also increases their dipole moment. In many cases, a high dipole moment leads to a centrosymmetric ordering of chromophores with antiparallel dipole-dipole aggregation in the crystalline state (i.e., there is no macroscopic second-order optical nonlinearity). This tendency further complicates the development of new organic NLO crystals with large second-order optical nonlinearity. This is one of the reasons for only a few classes of organic crystals with state-of-theart optical nonlinearity being reported in the last few decades. Moreover, in addition to large macroscopic second-order optical nonlinearity, different NLO applications require different targeted physical properties (e.g., refractive index, dispersion of the refractive index, dielectric constant, and absorption coefficient) and crystal characteristics (e.g., direction of the polar axis, morphology, aperture size, thickness, and facets). Therefore, it Organic π-conjugated crystals with second-order optical nonlinearity are considerably attractive materials for diverse terahertz (THz) wave photonics. An overview of the research of organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals for THz wave generation, detection, and applications is provided here. First, the status of organic NLO crystals compared to other alternative THz materials is described. Second, the basic theory and requirements for organic THz generators and d...

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“…The fields of application range from the characterization of macroscopic and morphological properties [35,36] to the non-destructive testing of polymers and polymer products [37,38]. Polymers are also used as materials for THz optics [39,40] and as a material for THz emitters and detectors [41]. In particular, two of the most widely used polymers, polypropylene and polyethylene, are among the most transparent materials to THz waves.…”

Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%