Terahertz refractive index sensor with high sensitivity based on two‐core photonic crystal fiber

Mishra, Gyan P.; Kumar, Dharmendra; Chaudhary, Vijay Shanker; Sharma, Sanjay

doi:10.1002/mop.32573

Cited by 31 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Electrochemical biosensors are examples of electrical sensors [86] and biosensors based on nano-mechanical systems are examples of mechanical sensors [87]. Surface plasmon resonance biosensors [88] and Terahertz refractive index sensors [89] are examples of optical sensors. • Processing: The sensors may be able to process their measurements and make decisions on the existence of the abnormality.…”

Section: B Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormality Detection and Localization Schemes Using Molecular Communication Systems: A Survey

et al. 2023

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Abnormality detection and localization (ADL) have been studied widely in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) literature, where the sensors use electromagnetic waves for communication. Molecular communication (MC) has been introduced as an alternative approach for ADL in particular areas such as healthcare, being able to tackle the shortcomings of conventional WSNs, such as invasiveness, bioincompatibility, and high energy consumption. In this paper, we introduce a general framework for MCbased ADL, which consists of multiple tiers for sensing the abnormality and communication between different agents, including the sensors, the fusion center (FC), the gateway (GW), and the external node (e.g., a local cloud), and describe each tier and the agents in this framework. We classify and explain different abnormality recognition methods, the functional units of the sensors, and different sensor features. Further, we describe different types of interfaces required for converting the internal and external signals at the FC and GW. Moreover, we present a unified channel model for the sensing and communication links. We categorize the MC-based abnormality detection schemes based on the sensor mobility, cooperative detection, and cooperative sensing/activation. We also classify the localization approaches based on the sensor mobility and propulsion mechanisms and present a general framework for the externally-controllable localization systems. Finally, we present some challenges and future research directions to realize and develop MC-based systems for ADL. The important challenges in the MC-based systems lie in four main directions as implementation, system design, modeling, and methods, which need considerable attention from multidisciplinary perspectives.

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Section: B Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormality Detection and Localization Schemes Using Molecular Communication Systems: A Survey

et al. 2023

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“…where n x or n y = x or y polarization of the proposed PQF-RIBS. To estimate the sensing, the output power that confines through the porous core is expressed as [46]…”

Section: Theoretical Analysis Of Pqf-ribs's Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where |E| is the magnitude of the core-guided mode field area. The sensitivity of the sensor based on the wavelength interrogation technique can be calculated by [46] S f (THz…”

Section: Theoretical Analysis Of Pqf-ribs's Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Versatile Porous Core Photonic Quasicrystal Fiber Based Refractive Index Terahertz Sensor

Gandhi

Zhao

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Miniaturized real-time fiber optic sensing systems with high sensing performance are in extreme demand. In this work, we propose a novel photonic quasicrystal fiber sensor in the terahertz region and test its sensing characteristics using the finite element method. The proposed simulated sensor numerically investigates the cancer-infected cells from the normal cells in the human cervix, blood, adrenal glands, and breast based on the difference in their refractive index changes. The effective refractive index of core-guided mode is due to the interaction of light between the refractive index of the fiber material and infiltrated normal and cancer cells, respectively. The proposed sensor exhibits a high birefringence of 0.03, a low dispersion of 0.35 ps/THz/cm, along with a high numerical aperture of 0.99. Besides, the sensor holds a less-effective material loss of 2.53 × 10−9 (dB/cm), a maximum power fraction of 88.10, a maximum relative sensitivity of 82.67%, and an effective mode area of 3.16 mm2. The results envisage that the proposed sensor displays high sensing performances with a rapid cancer detection mechanism.

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Compact Photonic Crystal Fiber for Sensing Applications in the THz Regime

Ayyanar¹,

Panda²,

Rajaram³

et al. 2022

Terahertz Devices, Circuits and Systems

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Terahertz refractive index sensor with high sensitivity based on two‐core photonic crystal fiber

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Abnormality Detection and Localization Schemes Using Molecular Communication Systems: A Survey

Abnormality Detection and Localization Schemes Using Molecular Communication Systems: A Survey

A Highly Versatile Porous Core Photonic Quasicrystal Fiber Based Refractive Index Terahertz Sensor

Compact Photonic Crystal Fiber for Sensing Applications in the THz Regime

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