Terahertz radiation preferentially activates the expression of genes responsible for the regulation of plasma membrane properties

Wilmink, Gerald J.; Grundt, Jessica E.; Cerna, Caesario; Roth, Caleb C.; Kuipers, Marjorie A.; Lipscomb, Dawn; Echchgadda, Ibtissam; Ibey, Bennett L.

doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6104966

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The temperature of the unexposed cells remained relatively stable at 37 °C. The temperature increase we observed is in agreement with the previous reports [12,13]. Our results indicate that THz beam power was not affected in the 37 °C, humid, and gaseous atmosphere of an operating incubator.…”

Section: Temperature Profile During Thz Exposuressupporting

confidence: 93%

“…To date, several investigations have been performed to better understand the biological effects related to THz radiation [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The data from these reports indicates that THz radiation does elicit a variety of biological effects at the organism, tissue, and cellular levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data from these reports indicates that THz radiation does elicit a variety of biological effects at the organism, tissue, and cellular levels. A few of the observed effects include morphological changes (i.e., swelling, blebbing, shrinking), stimulation of cellular growth and metabolic intracellular pathways, activation of cellular stress response mechanisms, and cellular death [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Unfortunately, although many of these studies have been helpful to the THz community, a review of the results indicates that the findings are often conflicting and the THz exposure methodologies used are often not consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-art exposure chamber for highly controlled and reproducible THz biological effects studies

Cerna

Elam²,

Echchgadda

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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Terahertz (THz) imaging and sensing technologies are increasingly being used at international airports for security screening purposes and at major medical centers for cancer and burn diagnosis. The emergence of new THz applications has directly resulted in an increased interest regarding the biological effects associated with this frequency range. Knowledge of THz biological effects is also desired for the safe use of THz systems, identification of health hazards, and development of empirically-based safety standards. In this study, we developed a state-of-the-art exposure chamber that allowed for highly controlled and reproducible studies of THz biological effects. This innovative system incorporated an industry grade cell incubator system that permitted a highly controlled exposure environment, where temperatures could be maintained at 37 °C ± 0.1 °C, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels at 5% ± 0.1%, and relative humidity (RH) levels at 95% ± 1%. To maximize the THz power transmitted to the cell culture region inside the humid incubator, a secondary custom micro-chamber was fabricated and incorporated into the system. This micro-chamber shields the THz beam from the incubator environment and could be nitrogen-purged to eliminate water absorption effects. Additionally, a microscope that allowed for real-time visualization of the live cells before, during, and after THz exposure was integrated into the exposure system.

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Section: Temperature Profile During Thz Exposuressupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-art exposure chamber for highly controlled and reproducible THz biological effects studies

Cerna

Elam²,

Echchgadda

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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“…For example, in Refs. 238 – 240 , human T-lymphocytes (Jurkat cell line) were exposed to the 2.52-THz CW radiation with the irradiance of

for 30, 40, and 50 min, accompanied by an increase in the sample temperature from 37°C to 44°C. Thus, irradiated cells were then compared with the control group heated to the same temperatures.…”

Section: Terahertz Exposure Of Biological Objects With Different Levels Of Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular effects of terahertz waves

et al. 2021

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. Significance: An increasing interest in the area of biological effects at exposure of tissues and cells to the terahertz (THz) radiation is driven by a rapid progress in THz biophotonics, observed during the past decades. Despite the attractiveness of THz technology for medical diagnosis and therapy, there is still quite limited knowledge about safe limits of THz exposure. Different modes of THz exposure of tissues and cells, including continuous-wave versus pulsed radiation, various powers, and number and duration of exposure cycles, ought to be systematically studied. Aim: We provide an overview of recent research results in the area of biological effects at exposure of tissues and cells to THz waves. Approach: We start with a brief overview of general features of the THz-wave–tissue interactions, as well as modern THz emitters, with an emphasis on those that are reliable for studying the biological effects of THz waves. Then, we consider three levels of biological system organization, at which the exposure effects are considered: (i) solutions of biological molecules; (ii) cultures of cells, individual cells, and cell structures; and (iii) entire organs or organisms; special attention is devoted to the cellular level. We distinguish thermal and nonthermal mechanisms of THz-wave–cell interactions and discuss a problem of adequate estimation of the THz biological effects’ specificity. The problem of experimental data reproducibility, caused by rareness of the THz experimental setups and an absence of unitary protocols, is also considered. Results: The summarized data demonstrate the current stage of the research activity and knowledge about the THz exposure on living objects. Conclusions: This review helps the biomedical optics community to summarize up-to-date knowledge in the area of cell exposure to THz radiation, and paves the ways for the development of THz safety standards and THz therapeutic applications.

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“…Previously conducted experiments have demonstrated that a CW single-frequency, 2.52 THz radiation can induce a change in the expression of several genes [31], [34]- [36]. However, these studies fail to provide a comprehensive view of the global genomic and cellular responses triggered by THz irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Radiation: A Non-contact Tool for the Selective Stimulation of Biological Responses in Human Cells

Echchgadda

Grundt

Cerna

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.

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Collective motions of water and of many biological macromolecules have characteristic time scales on the order of a picosecond. As a result, these biomolecules can strongly absorb terahertz (THz) radiation. Due to this absorption, THz radiation can exert a diverse range of effects on biological structures. For example, THz radiation has been shown to impact the structure, functional activity, and dynamics of macromolecules such as DNA and proteins. THz radiation can affect several gene expression pathways and, consequently, can alter various biochemical and physiological processes in cells. Indeed, THz radiation has been shown to influence the expression of several genes within different cell types. However, a complete view of the global transcriptional responses and the intracellular canonical pathways specifically triggered by THz radiation has not been elucidated. In this study, we performed a global profiling of transcripts in human cells exposed to 2.52 THz radiation and compared the exposure responses to a thermally-matched bulk-heating (BH) protocol. Our resultsshow that both THz radiation and BH induce a significant change in the expression of numerous mRNAs and microRNAs. The data also show that THz radiation triggers specific intracellular canonical pathways that are not affected in the BH-exposed cells. This study implies that THz radiation may be a useful, non-contact tool for the selective control of specific genes and cellular processes.

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Terahertz radiation preferentially activates the expression of genes responsible for the regulation of plasma membrane properties

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

State-of-the-art exposure chamber for highly controlled and reproducible THz biological effects studies

State-of-the-art exposure chamber for highly controlled and reproducible THz biological effects studies

Cellular effects of terahertz waves

Terahertz Radiation: A Non-contact Tool for the Selective Stimulation of Biological Responses in Human Cells

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