Terahertz integrated electronic and hybrid electronic–photonic systems

Sengupta, Kaushik; Nagatsuma, Tadao; Mittleman, Daniel M.

doi:10.1038/s41928-018-0173-2

Cited by 499 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…The use cases for IEEE 802. 15.3d include kiosk downloading [8], intra-device radio communication [9], connectivity in data centers, and wireless fiber for fronthaul and backhaul [7], [10], [11]. Meanwhile, FCC will launch its largest 5G spectrum auction on December 10, 2019 with 3400 MHz of spectrum in three different bands-37 GHz, 39 GHz, and 47 GHz [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Wireless Channel Properties at Millimeter Wave and Sub-Terahertz Frequencies

Xing¹,

Kanhere²,

Ju³

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

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This paper provides indoor reflection, scattering, transmission, and large-scale path loss measurements and models, which describe the main propagation mechanisms at millimeter wave and Terahertz frequencies. Channel properties for common building materials (drywall and clear glass) are carefully studied at 28, 73, and 140 GHz using a wideband sliding correlation based channel sounder system with rotatable narrow-beam horn antennas. Reflection coefficient is shown to linearly increase as the incident angle increases, and lower reflection loss (e.g., stronger reflections) are observed as frequencies increase for a given incident angle. Although backscatter from drywall is present at 28, 73, and 140 GHz, smooth surfaces (like drywall) are shown to be modeled as a simple reflected surface, since the scattered power is 20 dB or more below the reflected power over the measured range of frequency and angles. Partition loss tends to increase with frequency, but the amount of loss is material dependent. Both clear glass and drywall are shown to induce a depolarizing effect, which becomes more prominent as frequency increases. Indoor propagation measurements and large-scale indoor path loss models at 140 GHz are provided, revealing similar path loss exponent and shadow fading as observed at 28 and 73 GHz. The measurements and models in this paper can be used for future wireless system design and other applications within buildings for frequencies above 100 GHz.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Wireless Channel Properties at Millimeter Wave and Sub-Terahertz Frequencies

Xing¹,

Kanhere²,

Ju³

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

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“…The THz band defined from 0.1 THz to 10 THz was known as a gap band between the microwave and optical spectra [76]. Nowadays, electronic, photonic and hybrid electronic-photonic based methods are developed [77]. Thus, hybrid THz/free space optical (FSO) systems are highly expected to be realized in 6G using the hybrid electronic-photonic transceivers, where an optical laser can be used to generate THz signal or send an optical signal.…”

Section: E Extremely Larger Bandwidth Than 5gmentioning

confidence: 99%

What should 6G be?

Dang¹,

Amin²,

Shihada³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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As the standardization of fifth generation (5G) communications has been completed, and the 5G network will be commercially launched in 2020, the research visioning and planning of sixth generation (6G) communications are being initiated. 6G communications are expected to be the next focus in wireless communication and networking and aim to provide remarkable communication services to meet the future demands in the 2030s. We believe that the human-centric mobile communications will still be the most important application of 6G and 6G network should be human-centric. Following this rationale, high security, secrecy, and privacy are the all-important features of 6G, which shall be paid special attention from the wireless research community. To promote the research and the human-centric design ideology for 6G communications, we imagine in this article a comprehensive and systematic framework of 6G with five slices, key features, and enabling technologies. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the issues of 6G beyond communication technologies. Overall, the article aims to provide an envisioned picture of 6G and serve as a research guideline in the post-5G era.To promote this research and design ideology for 6G communications, we imagine a comprehensive and systematic framework of 6G in this article. Specifically, we first anticipate the potential application scenarios of 6G and propose five supporting slices in 6G. Following that, we summarize the key features of 6G with enabling communication technologies. Furthermore, we also briefly discuss issues beyond the communication technologies that might significantly affect the research and deployment of 6G in the 2030s. Overall, we aim to write this article to provide an envisioned picture of 6G and introduce it as a research guideline in the post-5G era. I. BACKGROUNDBefore detailing our own thoughts, we first present the background to justify our motives, which covers the retrospect of the network evolution from 1G to 4G, the 5G status quo, and the current research progress towards 6G. A. Brief Retrospect of the Network Evolution from 1G to 4GWireless communication stems from Marconi's pioneering demonstration of wireless telegraphy in the nineteenth century and was theoretically constructed based on information theory formed by Shannon in 1948. In the 1980s, the 1G analogue wireless cellular network was in use to allow mobile communications of voice, which was then replaced by the 2G digital cellular network in the early 1990s. Because of digitalization, 2G was capable of providing encrypted services and data services in addition to the traditional voice services, e.g., short messaging service (SMS). Walking into the twenty-first century, 3G, represented by wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA2000, time-division synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA), and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), enabled various data services, including Internet access, video calls, and mobile television [8]. In 4G/Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks initialized in 2009, multiple-input and multip...

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“…Over the last 20 years, terahertz (THz) technology has witnessed great advances and development, opening the window to a wide range of new applications, such as imaging, non-destructive testing, telecommunication and even biologic applications [1][2][3][4][5]. These applications require powerful THz sources with high signal-to-noise ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intense sub-terahertz radiation from wide-bandgap semiconductor based large-aperture photoconductive antennas pumped by UV lasers

et al. 2019

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The characteristics of terahertz (THz) radiation generated from large-aperture photoconductive antennas (LAPCAs) were investigated. The antennas were fabricated using different wide-bandgap semiconductor crystals (ZnSe, GaN, 6H-SiC, 4H-SiC and β-Ga 2 O 3 ) as the substrate. We used an amplified sub-picosecond KrF excimer laser for illumination of the LAPCAs. THz emission scaling was studied as a function of the bias field and the pump laser energy. It was found that the radiated THz energy scales quadratically as a function of the bias field and sub-linearly as a function of the optical fluence for most of the substrates. Further, we demonstrate that SiC, and especially 4H-SiC LAPCAs offer the best THz generation performances. In order to generate intense THz radiation, we fabricated both 6H-and 4H-SiC LAPCAs with an interdigitated structure. From the field autocorrelation trace, it was found that the spectra lie in the sub-THz regime, extending up to 400 GHz, with a peak frequency at 50 GHz, making the bridge between the microwaves band and the THz band. The maximum generated THz energy was 11 μJ, which is to date the highest THz energy measured from LAPCA sources, with a corresponding peak electric field of 115 kV cm −1 and a corresponding ponderomotive potential of 60 eV. Nonlinear THz experiments were performed using these energetic THz pulses, and open aperture Z-scan experiments in an n-doped InGaAs layer revealed a transmission enhancement of 1.7. It was also shown that in order to have efficient THz generation, the energy contrast of the laser must be kept high.

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Terahertz integrated electronic and hybrid electronic–photonic systems

Cited by 499 publications

References 150 publications

Indoor Wireless Channel Properties at Millimeter Wave and Sub-Terahertz Frequencies

Indoor Wireless Channel Properties at Millimeter Wave and Sub-Terahertz Frequencies

What should 6G be?

Intense sub-terahertz radiation from wide-bandgap semiconductor based large-aperture photoconductive antennas pumped by UV lasers

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