Terahertz Communications: Challenges in the Next Decade

Song, Ho-Jin; Lee, Namyoon

doi:10.1109/tthz.2021.3128677

Cited by 152 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…However, this can be achieved only through the exploitation of higher frequency spectrum regions, specifically, the terahertz (THz) band [12]. Indeed, recent technological innovations [13] regarding THz system components [14] indicate the viability of THz wireless communications [15]. Regarding transmitters (Tx), two main approaches for THz signal generation are currently employed: photonic and electronic techniques [16] [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant Tunneling Diodes High-Speed Terahertz Wireless Communications - A Review

Cimbri

Wang

Al-Khalidi

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.

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Resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) technology is emerging as one of the promising semiconductor-based solidstate technologies for terahertz (THz) wireless communications. This paper provides a review of the state-of-the-art, with a focus on the THz RTD oscillator, which is the key component of RTDbased THz transmitters and coherent receivers. A brief summary on the device principle of operation, technology, modelling, as well as an overview of oscillator design and implementation approaches for THz emitters, is provided. A new insight to device evaluation and to the reported oscillator performance levels is also given, together with brief remarks on RTD-based THz detectors. Thereafter, an overview of the reported wireless links which utilise an RTD in either transmission or reception, or in both roles, is given. Highlight results include the record single-channel wireless data rate of 56 Gb/s employing an all RTD-based transceiver, which demonstrates the potential of the technology for future short-range communications. The paper concludes with a discussion of the current technical challenges and possible strategies for future progress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant Tunneling Diodes High-Speed Terahertz Wireless Communications - A Review

Cimbri

Wang

Al-Khalidi

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.

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“…By inserting ( 12) into ( 39) proves (37). Then, (38) follows by substituting E PCS with its approximation in (27).…”

Section: Papr-increment With the Pcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these systems, PCS is useful since it is difficult to optimize the code for different code-rates, and direct puncturing of a mother-code to obtain a higher code-rate can yield significant losses in coding gains [31]. Since the 5G-NR is also evolving in the direction of a high throughput with large bandwidths in millimeter wave (mmWave) and Terra-Hertz (THz) [37], PCS has a good potential in the 5G-NR evolution.…”

Section: B Flexible Code-rates With the Pcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting Probabilistic Constellation Shaping in 5G-NR

Hu¹,

Wang²,

Semnov³

2022

Preprint

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<p>In this paper, we consider applying probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) to the fifth-generation new-radio (5G-NR) system. We propose a practical PCS transceiver design which is fully backward compatible to the existing 5G-NR system, and can bring significant improvements in block-error rate (BLER) and throughput. Further, we derive the properties of average-power, entropy-loss, and peak-to-average power-ratio (PAPR) increment in connection to the proposed PCS design. We show that an effective PCS can set the variance of a zero-mean Gaussian distribution for shaping to be around 0.5,making both the PAPR-increment and the entropy-loss to be at acceptable levels. Furthermore, we derive a necessary condition for PCS to attain a higher throughput than a uniform constellation. It shows that the normalized entropy-loss with PCS must be smaller than the BLER attained from transmissions with a uniform constellation. This is a critical observation and provides an important insight for the PCS design. Moreover, we also illustrate that the proposed PCS scheme can provide additional flexibilities in adjusting the effective code-rate without affecting the encoder. As a result, transitions among different MCSs can be smoother even with an adaptive modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and a better throughput-envelope can be obtained as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) changes.</p>

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“…As a result, massive MIMO is expected to be an integral component of future THz systems [6], [7]. On the other hand, THz radio frequency (RF) circuits, e.g., power amplifiers, phase shifters, etc., exhibit significantly higher power consumption than their sub-6 GHz counterparts [8]. Additionally, multi-dimensional signal processing during channel estimation and data transmission is power intensive [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superdirective Antenna Pairs for Energy-Efficient Terahertz Massive MIMO

Dovelos¹,

Assimonis²,

Ngo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Terahertz (THz) communication is widely deemed the next frontier of wireless networks owing to the abundant spectrum resources in the THz band. Whilst THz signals suffer from severe propagation losses, a massive antenna array can be deployed at the base station (BS) to mitigate those losses through beamforming. Nevertheless, a large number of antennas increases the hardware complexity and circuit power consumption, and hence it can lead to poor energy efficiency (EE). To surmount this fundamental problem, we propose a novel array design based on coupled antenna pairs. Specifically, we exploit the mutual coupling between closely spaced antennas to form superdirective pairs. A unique property of them is that all require the same excitation amplitude, and therefore can be driven by a single radio frequency chain akin to conventional phased arrays. Moreover, they facilitate the implementation of multi-port impedance matching, which ensures maximum power transfer for any beamforming angle. After addressing the hardware-related problems of superdirectivity, we show that the number of BS antennas can be effectively reduced without sacrificing the achievable rate. Simulation results showcase that our design offers huge EE gains compared to uncoupled uniform linear arrays, and hence could be a radical solution for future THz systems.

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Terahertz Communications: Challenges in the Next Decade

Cited by 152 publications

References 122 publications

Resonant Tunneling Diodes High-Speed Terahertz Wireless Communications - A Review

Resonant Tunneling Diodes High-Speed Terahertz Wireless Communications - A Review

Supporting Probabilistic Constellation Shaping in 5G-NR

Superdirective Antenna Pairs for Energy-Efficient Terahertz Massive MIMO

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