Tephra From the 3 March 2015 Sustained Column Related to Explosive Lava Fountain Activity at Volcán Villarrica (Chile)

Romero, Jorge E.; Vera, Franco; Polacci, Margherita; Morgavi, Daniele; Arzilli, Fabio; Alam, Mohammad Ayaz; Bustillos, Jorge; Guevara, Alicia; Johnson, J. B.; Palma, José Luis; Burton, Mike; Cuenca, Evelyn; Keller, Werner

doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00098

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Here, variations in the magma level within the conduit are manifest as changes in lava lake level, and broadly correlated with both gas flux and seismicity over months to years (Palma et al, 2008;Romero et al, 2018). Magma high-stands are accompanied by more vigorous bubblebursting activity, elevated SO2 emission rates, more frequent long-period seismic events and increased satellite detection of thermal anomalies.…”

Section: Changes In Glass Chemistry Correlate With Eruptive Activitymentioning

confidence: 87%

Petrologic monitoring at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala

Liu

Cashman

Miller

et al. 2020

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Paroxysmal activity represents an end-member in the common range of activity at mafic arc volcanoes, characterised by rapid transitions across the effusive-explosive interface and thus posing significant challenges to hazard assessment. Conceptual models to explain changes in the frequency and magnitude of these paroxysmal events are based either on magma recharge or an increase in gas flux, largely framed in the context of two-phase flow. Gas-and magmadriven models are both viable mechanisms to explain the varying styles of paroxysmal behaviour observed in mafic systems; however, each has different implications for future activity. We present time series petrologic data for ash and lava samples collected at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala, during paroxysmal eruptions between 2011 and 2018. We show that a stepchange in glass composition occurred between 2015 and 2016, reflecting an increase in magma temperature and a reduction in pre-eruptive crystallisation, concurrent with an escalation in the frequency of paroxysmal activity. There was no change in the bulk or phase compositions during this period. To explain these observations, we propose that the increase in frequency of paroxysmal eruptions is modulated by the supply of exsolved volatiles from lower crustal degassing magmas, without invoking repeated transfer of new, primitive magma to a shallow reservoir. Protracted lava effusion, accompanied by more vigorous and more frequent Strombolian explosions and gas 'chugging', prior to the transition to sustained fountaining suggests that gas retention in crystal-rich magma may modulate the height of the magma column as gas supply increases.Slow decompression associated with effusion may determine the timing of effusive to explosive transitions in mafic arc systems more generally. A large paroxysmal eruption of Fuego on 3 June 2018, notable for the rapid escalation in eruptive intensity several hours into the eruption, produced ash with a range of textures and glass compositions consistent with magma evacuation over a range of depths and decompression rates. Given the protracted repose time between paroxysms before this event, we suggest that a shallow crystallised plug degraded, and ultimately failed, several hours into the eruption of 3 June 2018, triggering topdown decompression of magma in the conduit synchronous with the observed rapid acceleration in eruption rate. Ultimately, we propose that the frequency of paroxysms at Fuego is broadly proportional to the gas supply rate, whilst the range in glass compositions is related to the repose time prior to eruptive activity. Our data illustrate the potential of petrologic monitoring to distinguish between gas-and magma-driven paroxysm triggers and to anticipate future events, especially when interpreted in the context of geophysical observations and implemented within community-based ash collection initiatives.

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Section: Changes In Glass Chemistry Correlate With Eruptive Activitymentioning

confidence: 87%

Petrologic monitoring at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala

Liu

Cashman

Miller

et al. 2020

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…Ultimately, we link each ash emission case study to a different, peculiar mechanism of ash formation. Although based on case studies from Etna, the proposed mechanisms can explain ash generated by other basaltic volcanic systems [e.g., Paricutin, Mexico (Pioli et al, 2008), and Villarrica, Chile (Romero et al, 2018)] which, during specific eruptive phases, resemble closely the Etna explosive activity in terms of duration, intensity and style of emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Ash Generation at Basaltic Volcanoes: The Case of Mount Etna, Italy

et al. 2019

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“…About 100 small eruptions have been recorded since XIV century [59] and more than 30 eruptions occurred in the last century [60]. Recent events have been mostly effusive or slightly explosive Hawaiian to Strombolian eruptions [61], although the geological record even includes highly explosive Plinian eruptions [62,63]. Multiple eruptive products and styles are related to a particular eruption typology being lahars (volcanic debris flows) one of the most frequent and disrupting processes observed in ice/snow capped stratovolcanoes [64].…”

Section: Step 1: Hazard Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Risk Management of Rural Road Networks Exposed to Natural Hazards: Application to Volcanic Lahars in Chile

et al. 2020

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Natural hazards may temporarily or permanently interrupt the normal operation of rural road networks. The potential social, economic, environmental and physical impacts of natural events on rural road infrastructures empirically evidence the need to incorporate a sustainable risk approach to manage rural road networks exposed to natural hazards. Available risk management systems are applied to major networks emphasizing the physical risk of road infrastructure in terms of expected economic losses and travel time delays, without considering a systemic approach and other dimensions of risk, such as social vulnerability and the consequent socio-economic effects. The study proposes a sustainable risk management framework for rural roads that accounts for the social vulnerability of rural population, the physical vulnerability of rural roads and the environmental context in terms of natural hazards. The proposed framework is applicable to rural road networks exposed to major natural events that permanently or temporarily disrupt accessibility and mobility in the system. A case study is selected from a developing country, due to the socio-economic condition of the rural population and high vulnerability in the context of natural events. The proposed risk management framework is scaled at the network level rather than an element based analysis, or project level approach, considering the interdependencies between road links, the variability of road infrastructure types in the rural context, and the impacts on network accessibility and mobility due to natural events. The proposed framework is applied to a rural road network exposed to volcanic hazard, specifically lahar flows that are usually the most recurrent and disruptive process in terms of road infrastructure. Outcomes demonstrate that rural population present high social vulnerability levels, resulting in a slower recovery when exposed to the effects of infrastructure disruptions. Therefore, considering social vulnerability under a sustainable risk management approach depicts the sustainable role of rural road networks, which commonly are managed only under a physical vulnerability perspective. The proposed methodology will allow road agencies and municipalities to design sustainable mitigation and recovery strategies by incorporating dimensions such as social vulnerability, probability of failure of road links and their impacts on road accessibility and mobility due to natural hazards.

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Tephra From the 3 March 2015 Sustained Column Related to Explosive Lava Fountain Activity at Volcán Villarrica (Chile)

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

Petrologic monitoring at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala

Petrologic monitoring at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala

Mechanisms of Ash Generation at Basaltic Volcanoes: The Case of Mount Etna, Italy

Sustainable Risk Management of Rural Road Networks Exposed to Natural Hazards: Application to Volcanic Lahars in Chile

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