Teologi Perjamuan Kudus menurut Kaum Anabaptis, Zwingli, dan Calvin: dalam Sejarah Reformasi [Theology of Holy Communion According to the Anabaptists, Zwingli, and Calvin: In the History of the Reformation]

Abstract

The 5th century was a bleak period for the development of the church. The bishop of Rome showed his supremacy over the whole church and teaching so that it moved the Reformation and one of them was the concept of the Holy Communion. The Holy Communion or Eucharist is interpreted as a form of Jesus' sacrifice which is received by His people through the communion of food and drink, namely the body (bread) and blood (wine). This raises the question whether there is the presence of Christ Jesus in food and drink or is it just a symbol. This research is to see the views of the reformed theologians Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin and the Anabaptists on the Holy Communion. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were differences in understanding of the Holy Communion. For the Anabaptists to understand the Supper in almost the same context as Zwingli, namely as a commemoration without the presence of Christ. Meanwhile, John Calvin thought that Christ was in the revelation of His Spirit to make His people aware of the work of salvation. The non-uniformity of views on the Holy Communion results in different applications, so to summarize it, the authors use a descriptive qualitative method with the research subject on the concept of the Holy Communion. In general, the theology of the Lord's Supper or the Eucharist today has a genealogy that connects it with the concept of the Lord's Supper in the Middle Ages of the Reformation. This research is to answer how the basic concept of the emergence of the Holy Communion doctrine, what are the most basic differences from each Holy Communion doctrine and how is the development of the Holy Communion doctrine in the present. From the results of the research, it was found that the Holy Communion is an event to remember the sacrifice of Jesus as Christ who reigns through His Spirit and works in His members. Receiving the Holy Communion is not to erase sins at that time but a response of faith that directs His people to the act of realizing God's grace in repentance and strengthening faith in Jesus as Lord and Savior.