Tentacle muscles in brachiopods: Ultrastructure and relation to peculiarities of life style

Kuzmina, T. V.; Temereva, E. N.

doi:10.1002/jez.b.23110

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The lophophore nervous system of brachiopods has been mostly studied by histological methods [29,30,33,34], and only a few species have been investigated by electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and confocal laser scanning microscopy [15,19,27,28,[35][36][37]. Together, these studies indicate the general pattern of lophophore innervation.…”

Section: Organization Of the Central Nervous System In Brachiopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Modern Data on the Lophophore Nervous System in Adult Novocrania anomala and a Current Assessment of Brachiopod Phylogeny

Temereva

2022

Biology

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Although the lophophore is regarded as the main synapomorphy of all lophophorates, the evolution of the lophophore in certain groups of lophophorates remains unclear. To date, the innervation of the lophophore has been studied with modern methods only for three brachiopod species belonging to two subphyla: Linguliformea and Rhynchonelliformea. In the third subphylum, the Craniiformea, there are data for juveniles but not for adults. In the current research, the innervation of the lophophore in Novocrania anomala adults was studied by immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In the spiral lophophore of adults of the craniiform N. anomala, each arm is innervated by six brachial nerves: main, additional main, accessory, second accessory, additional lower, and lower brachial nerves. Compared with other brachiopod species, this complex innervation of the lophophore correlates with the presence of many lophophoral muscles. The general anatomy of the lophophore nervous system and the peculiarities of the organization of the subenteric ganglion of the craniiform N. anomala have a lot in common with those of rhynchonelliforms but not with those of linguliforms. These findings are consistent with the “Calciata” hypothesis of the brachiopod phylogeny and are inconsistent with the inference that the Craniiformea and Linguliformea are closely related.

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Section: Organization Of the Central Nervous System In Brachiopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Modern Data on the Lophophore Nervous System in Adult Novocrania anomala and a Current Assessment of Brachiopod Phylogeny

Temereva

2022

Biology

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“…The brachial axis of the schizolophe and more complex lophophore types consists of alternating inner and outer tentacles. The inner tentacles have a frontal ciliary ridge, the abfrontal zone is narrow, the lateral ciliary zones are located closer to the abfrontal surface of the tentacle (Kuzmina, Temereva, 2022). The outer tentacles have the frontal groove and a wide abfrontal ciliary zone; the lateral ciliary zones are located closer to the frontal surface of the tentacle.…”

Section: Lophophore Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In brachiopods, the lophophoral muscles adjoin the myoepithelial cells of the coelomic canals (fig. 1 in Kuzmina et al, 2018;Kuzmina, Temereva, 2022). The lophophore muscles of linguliform and craniiform brachiopods are better developed than that in rhynchonelliforms.…”

Section: Lophophore Musculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lophophore Musculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brachiopod tentacles contain the frontal and abfrontal longitudinal muscles (Reed, Cloney, 1977;Kuzmina, Temereva, 2022). Only craniiforms lack the abfrontal tentacle muscles (Kuzmina, Temereva, 2022). In the most species, the frontal tentacle muscle is well-developed and forms the tentacle blood vessel, whereas the abfrontal muscle is very small.…”

Section: Lophophore Musculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Homology of the lophophore and its evolution within lophophorates

Temereva

Kuzmina

2022

Invertzool

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The lophophore is a tentaculated organ -a specificity of Lophophorata. Since molecular phylogeny has yielded contradictory data on the monophyly of lophophorates, results of comparative morphology are used here to shed light on the question about the homology of the lophophore in different groups of lophophorates. We compare the morphology of the lophophore and the organization of its coelomic, nervous, and muscular systems in three different phyla of lophophorates: phoronids, bryozoans, and brachiopods. The morphology of the lophophore and the structure of all lophophoral organ systems are examined in respect to the standard criteria of homology. The comparative analysis supports the homology of the lophophore and suggests the monophyly of the lophophorates. We present a hypothetical scenario of lophophore evolution based on our analyses. Accordingly, the ancestral lophophore of lophophorates had a horseshoe-shaped brachial axis and was innervated by supraenteric and subenteric nerve centers, which were connected by circumenteric connectives and a circumoral nerve. This ancestral lophophore then evolved in three different phyla by two pathways: (i) by complication and (ii) by simplification.

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Organization of the blood system of rhynchonellid brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonelliformea)

Kuzmina,

Kuzmin,

Bogomolova

et al. 2024

J Exp Zool Pt A

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The brachiopods are sessile invertebrates with an unusual blood system, which consists of a long‐branched dorsal vessel. It is still unknown how blood circulates in this system. In the present study, for the first time we propose the circulation of blood in brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea based on morphological and experimental data. The main heart is located on the dorsal side of the stomach and divides the dorsal vessel into anterior and posterior parts. The anterior part enters the lophophore, where it gives off blind branches to each tentacle. The posterior part passes by the funnels of the nephridia and forms a blindly closed network in the gonads. We suggest that the circulation of blood includes three successive stages. During the first phase of systole of the main heart, blood flows through the anterior dorsal vessel. During the second phase of systole, blood flows through the posterior dorsal vessel. During diastole, blood flows from the anterior and posterior vessels and fills the main heart. The origin of a peculiar blood system in brachiopods can be explained by reduction of the ventral vessel, which is probably correlates with the reduction of the ventral side of the brachiopod ancestor's body. Another peculiarity of brachiopod blood system is the presence of an ampullar heart, which functions as a blood depot and allows blood to move in the vessels in two directions in an oscillatory mode. The brachiopod blood system contains vessels lacking true endothelium and can be classified as an “incompletely closed” type.

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Tentacle muscles in brachiopods: Ultrastructure and relation to peculiarities of life style

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

First Modern Data on the Lophophore Nervous System in Adult Novocrania anomala and a Current Assessment of Brachiopod Phylogeny

First Modern Data on the Lophophore Nervous System in Adult Novocrania anomala and a Current Assessment of Brachiopod Phylogeny

Homology of the lophophore and its evolution within lophophorates

Organization of the blood system of rhynchonellid brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonelliformea)

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