Tension Wood Formed in Fagus Sylvatica and Alnus Glutinosa After Simulated Mass Movement Events

Heinrich, Ingo; Gärtner, Holger; Monbaron, Michel

doi:10.1163/22941932-90001617

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These differences could be explained because the samples were collected in different seasons (in the last case in January and February and the samples of this research were collected in August) and in different geographic areas, therefore, the MC of the biomass changes [1]. In addition, according to Heinrich [11], the MC of freshly cut wood varies between 40% and 50%, so the figures obtained are normal for wood biomass.…”

Section: Moisturementioning

confidence: 87%

Analysis of energetic performance of vine biomass residues as an alternative fuel for Chilean wine industry

2015

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a b s t r a c tThe chip pruning of five different vine-producing wines was physically characterized, and its energetic value was analyzed (calorific value and ashes content principally). The material with a better energy performance was established. TCO2 emissions of this wood biomass were compared with the pine pellet, which is the most currently used solid biofuel in this industry. In both cases, the material obtaining process was studied, along with the fuel production and transport required measured in TCO 2 emitted per tons.This process was done in order to replace the pellets used in the boilers of the vineyards for the chip pruning of the studied vines. The use of chips as solid biofuel inside the vineyard produces a lower TCO 2 emissions than the use of pellets (0.01 and 0.484 TCO 2 , respectively) because less energy is needed for its production and transportation. This resulted in a decrease in the carbon footprint of the analyzed vineyard. The cost of using this chip instead of the pellets inside the vineyard was also calculated, with an annual savings in vineyard fuel requirements of US$ 23,142 from not purchasing pellets while the annual savings of using ashes instead of industrial fertilizer (CaO) is US$ 450.

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Section: Moisturementioning

confidence: 87%

Analysis of energetic performance of vine biomass residues as an alternative fuel for Chilean wine industry

2015

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“…Different strategies for tension wood formation are known to occur between F. sylvatica and A. incana in experiments simulating substrate mass movement (Heinrich et al. ), and for compression wood between different species of inclined Pinus seedlings (Ba et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐stemming and mechanical traits ensure persistence of subalpine woody plants exposed to a disturbance gradient

Stokes¹,

Mine

Mao³

et al. 2011

J Vegetation Science

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Question: Many woody plants persist in a temporal 'persistence' niche, through resprouting after disturbance events. Will multi-stemming (as a consequence of resprouting or life form) and biomechanical traits enable certain species to survive disturbance and occupy a persistence niche? Location: A 1200-m long avalanche corridor in the French Alps, with disturbance events ca. every 2 yr. Methods: We measured tree/shrub size and multi-stemming in transects along and around the avalanche corridor. The mechanical traits, wood density, modulus of elasticity (Ed), bending strength (r) and stiffness (EI), along stems of several subalpine tree/shrub species were measured to test for differences in flexibility and strength. Results: Themulti-stemmed pioneer shrubs Alnus viridis, Salix appendiculata and to a lesser extent, Corylus avellana, were more abundant where disturbance was most severe. Multi-stemming broadleaf species, in particular Fagus sylvatica, had more tapered, shorter and more numerous stems in severely disturbed zones. Single-stemmed conifers were usually found furthest from the avalanche track. A. viridis, codominant at the centre of the track, had the lowest Ed, r and EI. In A. viridis, Alnus incana, F. sylvatica and Betula pendula, Ed was lower at the stem base and increased with height up the stem. Alnus viridis and C. avellana stems were most flexible (low EI), whereas single-stem tree forms, Picea abies and B. pendula, were stiffest. Corylus avellana had the highest r and lowest wood mechanical construction cost (?) per unit function (Ed), whereas P. abies had highest construction cost. Conclusions: High flexibility of A. viridis, and to a lesser extent C. avellana and the multi-stemmed form of F. sylvatica, allows individuals to bend during snow loading, before an avalanche; therefore, stem damage and uprooting during an avalanche are minimized. Increased stem basal flexibility in these species will also facilitate bending during snow loading.More rigid distal sections will confer extra mechanical advantage to stems that need to grow quickly upwards, dominate andmaintain their position in the canopy during the growing season. (Résumé d'auteur

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“…6 and 7(a) decreasing trend in mean vessel lumen areas is discernible. Heinrich et al (2007) report that Fagus sylvatica and Alnus glutinosa show wood anatomical variations due to different mechanical stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood anatomical changes in roots of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) after exposure

et al. 2008

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Global changes have distinct influence on fluvial processes in torrents causing erosion on slopes and riverbanks even in forested areas. Continuous as well as discontinuous erosion of riverbanks covered by trees frequently results in destabilisation and finally cause the trees affected to tip over. These uprooted trees may lead to a blockage of the river and, in the case of a collapse of the resulting dam, resulting in severe flooding or even debris-flow surges. Dating the time of root exposure along riverbanks allows the reconstruction of erosion dynamics. In the previous studies, roots of coniferous trees have shown anatomical changes (cell size reduction in earlywood) after exposure. This anatomical feature in the xylem of exposed roots has helped to determine the time of exposure at an annual resolution. In the current study, this methodology is now applied for the first time to European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) to determine its specific reactions to root exposure.First results show different reactions in vessel and fibre dimensions. Fibres show a distinct decrease in lumen area due to exposure, whereas vessel lumen area displays more variability ranging from 50% size reduction to no changes. It is discussed that vessel size characteristics are also related to ecophysiological and climatic patterns.

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Tension Wood Formed in Fagus Sylvatica and Alnus Glutinosa After Simulated Mass Movement Events

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Analysis of energetic performance of vine biomass residues as an alternative fuel for Chilean wine industry

Analysis of energetic performance of vine biomass residues as an alternative fuel for Chilean wine industry

Multi‐stemming and mechanical traits ensure persistence of subalpine woody plants exposed to a disturbance gradient

Wood anatomical changes in roots of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) after exposure

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