“…These include credibility issues on methods used to determine key performance indicators in universities (Christensen, 2004) and their unintended negative consequences on workloads, promotions, reputations, and academic freedom (Parker, ; and Singh, ). These unintended consequences include lowering course and grading standards (Singh, ); ‘soft leaking’ of examination questions to raise passing rates (Saravanamuthu, ); and ignoring the immeasurable processes of student learning (Christopher, ). Singh () argues that this scenario reduces the student–teacher relationship to a customer–producer relationship, thus ignoring the traditional academic values of students and teachers.…”