Tensile testing of polystyrene graphene 2D nano composite membrane

Raza, Hassan; Aized, Tauseef; Khan, Muhammad Bilal; Imran, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s00170-017-1173-5

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Finally, purification is finished with ultracentrifuge ZK100 from 30-45 min at 1000 rpm to isolate unexfoliated residue from the exfoliated flakes according to density gradient and progression principle. After that filtration is performed with 0.22 μm nylon filter paper (vacuum filtration assembly) to remove the liquid, the black product (few layers of G-sheets) was obtained on the surface of filter paper (Figure 2(c)), 6 and the mass of exfoliated graphene was 143 mg. After centrifugation, the supernatant was taken from the middle of the centrifuge tube very carefully to avoid the unexfoliated residue. The remaining material is sonicated again for several hours and then centrifuged to convert it into exfoliated flakes.…”

Section: Preparation Procedures Of Graphene 2d Sheets (G-sheets)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It clearly shows that polystyrene is present in irregular chains initially; after incorporating G-sheets into the polystyrene bulk matrix, it will cause the polystyrene chain to straighten, and its resistance towards deformation increases. 6,35 This mechanism could have occurred in creep samples (S-1 to S-5) and increased the creep resistance of polystyrene.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Creep Resistance Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB), graphene, reduced graphene oxide (rGo) and other 2D materials are intensively employed for the enhancement in the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Researchers working in polymeric nanocomposites have already made tremendous advances by introducing functional binders in nanocomposites to effectively utilise them for the benefit of society. [11][12][13][14][15] However, creep, a time-dependent fracture phenomenon that occurs due to molecular movement in the backbone of the base polymer structure, adversely affects the strength and other structural properties, hampering polymers' practical applications 16,17 in various engineering sectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement in creep resistance of pristine polystyrene with incorporation of exfoliated 2D graphene nanosheets at low filler loading

Malik

Raza

Ahmad

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Determination of the reliability and durability of polymers in structural applications is highly dependent on the resistance to time-dependent plastic deformation. In this study, creep behaviour and enhancement in creep resistance of polystyrene-graphene nanocomposites is investigated at low filler loading. Herein, 2D material (graphene) is synthesised by the liquid-phase exfoliation method ( LPE) using the tetrahydrofuran ( THF) solvent via batch sonication. Samples are characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM) for morphology analysis and X-rays Diffraction ( XRD) for identification of polystyrene-graphene (PS-G) peaks in nanocomposites. Additionally, Atomic Force Microscopy ( AFM) is employed to quantify sheet’s thickness and Optical Microscopy ( OM) to corroborate the dispersion of 2D sheets. The creep resistance of PS-G nanocomposites is measured at room temperature (25°C) by incorporating 2D sheets of flake length ∼359 μm with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 wt.%. A significant enhancement in the time to withstand constant creep load (1 N) is observed. The creep resistance of the samples exhibits a maximum increase of 79%, 258.24%, 647.25%, 417.58% and 760.44%, respectively, compared to pristine polystyrene. This increase in creep resistance resulted from intense interfacial contact between polymer chains and filler accompanied by adequate scattering/dispersion in the polymer matrix.

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Section: Preparation Procedures Of Graphene 2d Sheets (G-sheets)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Creep Resistance Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement in creep resistance of pristine polystyrene with incorporation of exfoliated 2D graphene nanosheets at low filler loading

Malik

Raza

Ahmad

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…[9][10][11] For this reason, recent studies have investigated the incorporation of glass fibers in petrochemical-based thermoset matrices to overcome these disadvantages and improve their overall mechanical properties. [12][13][14] Today, polyester, [15][16][17] epoxy, [18,19] and phenolic [20,21] resins are the most widely used thermoset matrices for natural fiberreinforced polymer nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets and Woven Glass Fabric

et al. 2021

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The reinforcing effects of functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) on thermosetting epoxies are examined to understand the feasibility of these FGSs–epoxy nanocomposites in composite applications. The nanocomposites are prepared by compression molding with different graphene contents (0, 1, and 3 wt%) and different chemical treatments including FGSs and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets. In addition, two silane molecules (octyltriethoxysilane [OTES] and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane [GPTMS]) are used as coupling agents. Morphological analysis shows that the use of functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets in woven glass fabric/epoxy nanocomposites significantly improves the dispersion distribution of graphene nanosheets inside the matrix and increases their interfacial adhesion. The results reveal that the nanocomposites containing functionalized graphene nanosheets show the most promising improvement in terms of thermal and mechanical properties. In particular, Young's modulus increases by up to 17% and 25% with only 3% of functionalized graphene oxide using OTES and GPTMS, respectively. The result of the water droplet contact angle of the nanocomposites reinforced by graphene oxide functionalized by octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) shows an increase to a value of 105.80, indicating the super hydrophobic nature.

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“…The observed image demonstrates the aggregation of salt on PSSA-g-PEG/G membrane. Such phenomenon caused due to surface area factor of graphene sheets where its vast plane dimensions help to plug pores and distortions of PSSA-g-PEG film which enhance PSSA-g-PEG/G abilities to remove saline from of the water[16,17].Evaluation of prepared membranesStudying the influence of different G% on the performance of PSSA-g-PEG membrane: Increasing of graphene % led to accumulate layers gathered together. Therefore,in FIG.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination Aspects of PSSA-g-PEG Copolymer and its Graphene Composite Membranes

Kandeel¹,

Badawya²,

Hamadaa³

et al. 2018

Int. J. Chem. Sci

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Membrane separators are promising alternatives in recent times, due to their high efficiency and applicability in various fields. For example, membranes are currently widely used in water treatment and in reverse osmosis desalination plants but are used on a small scale in the ultrafiltration membrane filters [1]. On the other hand, the solar powered small-scale ultrafiltration membrane systems are currently being used in remote areas which are difficult to drinking safe water, or in natural disasters or in the emergency situations. Key considerations must be taken during development the new membranes, include the cost and scalability, high chemical/thermal stability, high selectivity and high permeability [2]. The membrane must also be designed to separate multicomponent mixtures, resist fouling, and have excellent mechanical and chemical stability [3].

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Tensile testing of polystyrene graphene 2D nano composite membrane

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Enhancement in creep resistance of pristine polystyrene with incorporation of exfoliated 2D graphene nanosheets at low filler loading

Enhancement in creep resistance of pristine polystyrene with incorporation of exfoliated 2D graphene nanosheets at low filler loading

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets and Woven Glass Fabric

Desalination Aspects of PSSA-g-PEG Copolymer and its Graphene Composite Membranes

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