Tensile strength experiments with water using a new type of Berthelot tube

Abstract

Experiments are described with water in a new type of Berthelot tube, designed so as to enable the tube to be evacuated before the introduction of the test liquid. Secondly, some (pressure, temperature) curves for water under tension are reported. A new feature is that two of these experimental curves show a minimum at a temperature of about 5 degrees C. Thirdly, thermodynamic theory is applied to discuss the audible click of the tube when cavitation sets in.

A study of the tensile properties of liquids in confined spaces using an atomic force microscope

“…pressure P s at which ½ i = ½ 0 , this condition representing the complete suppression of cavitation. The results obtained in BP work on aqueous PAA solutions at varying polymer concentration are shown in table 1, the lower bound estimate of the tensile strength of the solvent (distilled water) obtained in our BP apparatus being 45 bar (Williams & Williams 2000), in agreement with that value which has been found for distilled water in Berthelot tube experiments (Jones et al 1981). The values below have an uncertainty estimated at §5%.…”

Cavitation in water: a review

“…Finally, one can use an electrical strain gauge pressure transducer. This was done in Trevena's group with stainless steel Berthelot tubes: they first obtained P cav down to −0.19 MPa [71], and could reach −4.7 MPa by first evacuating air from the tube before filling with boiled distilled water [72]. The latter procedure was used in Ohde's group, who automated the experiments to repeat thousands of thermal cycles, reaching a minimum P cav of −18.5 MPa at 53 • C [73].…”

The limit of metastability of water under tension: theories and experiments

“…The liquid sample follows an isochore and is brought to negative pressure. Attempts using macroscopic vessels [5,[11][12][13] give cavitation pressures in the range −4.6 to −20 MPa at room temperature. P cav is calculated from an extrapolation of the equation of state (EOS) measured in the stable region and the known density and cavitation temperature of the sample, or measured with a pressure gauge.…”