Tensile Strength and Microstructure of Rotary Friction-Welded Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Joints

Abstract

Due to the different properties of the materials, the fusion welding of dissimilar metals may be difficult. Structural irregularities may form as a result of various phase transformations during welding. Solid-state welding, as opposed to fusion welding, occurs below the melting temperature. As a result of the melting and solidification phenomena that happen in fusion welding, solid-state welding is expected to reduce the potential for phase transformation. This paper describes the use of a rotary friction welding technique to join carbon steel and 304 stainless steel. The purpose of this work is to investigate the characteristics of rotary friction welding (RFW) when joining 304 stainless steel to carbon steels with different carbon contents. Experiments were carried out on the RFW of low- and medium-carbon steels with 304 stainless steel. The investigation was carried out using the Taguchi method of experimental design. The joints’ tensile strengths and microstructures were evaluated. The parameters that had the greatest influence on the tensile strengths of the welding results were identified. The combination of parameters resulting in the greatest tensile strength is also suggested. A microstructural examination of the weldment revealed mechanical mixing and interlocking.

Microstructural Characterization and Corrosion Behavior of Similar and Dissimilar Welded Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS) by Rotary Friction Welding

“…The main challenge during these RFW tests was to control the thermomechanical processing, due to the very complex nature of the chemical composition of the advanced steels, considered in this work as highly alloyed steels, which, in addition to the obvious thermophysical differences, such as the melting point, may cause brittle components in the joint. Therefore, due to the intense thermomechanical treatment that the material undergoes, combined with the operating conditions of the RFW process, microstructural phenomena, such as dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement, solidstate phase transformations, deformation-induced precipitation, solid dissolution, and grain growth, can occur [16]. Consequently, the formation of the microstructure of the metallic joint and the corresponding mechanical resistance can be influenced (positively or not) by all of these metallurgical phenomena.…”

“…Materials 2024, 17, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 18 solid-state phase transformations, deformation-induced precipitation, solid dissolution, and grain growth, can occur [16]. Consequently, the formation of the microstructure of the metallic joint and the corresponding mechanical resistance can be influenced (positively or not) by all of these metallurgical phenomena.…”

“…On the contrary, the severe plastic deformation achieved during RFW has allowed us to build the WZ. Also, in dissimilar welds, it can be found in some layers in the WZ, which form as a consequence of the applied axial force during the intermixing of both materials [16].…”

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Solid-State Rotary Friction Welded Inconel 713C and 32CrMo4 Steel Joints Used in a Turbocharger Rotor

“…The results revealed that the higher hardness was observed at the weld interface of the Inconel 718/2.5Cr-1Mo (F22) steel RFWed joints compared with the RFWed joints with an Inconel 625 interlayer. Firmanto et al [ 35 ] used the RFW technique to investigate the characteristics of 304 stainless steel and low-carbon steel joints. Three factors, namely friction time, friction pressure, and upset pressure, had a significant influence on the tensile strength.…”