Tensile response of graphite/epoxy composites at low temperatures

Kim, Myung-Gon; Kang, Sung Goon; Kim, Chun-Gon; Kong, Cheol-Won

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.11.031

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This implied that there is a reduction of ductility and increase in brittleness of the composites at low temperature (Hartwig and Knaak 1984). Kim et al (2007) attributed such increase in brittleness at low temperatures predominantly to the fibers, which increased rapidly within a temperature range from RT to −50 • C. On the other hand, the increase in the laminate strength and stiffness is attributed to the strengthening of the matrix. Therefore, there will be less damage at low temperatures initially, but it continues to increase as the load approaches a critical value where the fibers fail.…”

Section: Tension Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Durability and failure mechanics of woven carbon composites under repeated impact loading in Arctic conditions

Castellanos

Prabhakar

2018

Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des.

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The rise in demand and interest in Arctic exploration has brought new challenges with regard to the mechanical behavior of lightweight offshore structures with fiber-reinforced composite materials. These materials experience drastic changes and degradation in their macro-and microstructures when exposed to seawater and cold temperatures during service. Therefore, it is critical to have a detailed comprehension of the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of these materials in Arctic conditions. Within the scope of the current study, low-velocity repeated impact behavior of carbon fiber/vinyl ester composites in Arctic temperature (−50 • C) is investigated. Impact responses, such as the contact force, displacement and absorbed energy, at four impact energies of 20, 25, 30 and 35 J under repeated impact loading until perforation are determined at −50 • C and compared against those at room temperature (25 • C). The number of impacts required for perforation, the rate of reduction in impact force, the degree of damage and the failure mechanisms change significantly with varying impact energies and in situ ambient temperatures, and they are elucidated in detail in this paper.

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Section: Tension Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Durability and failure mechanics of woven carbon composites under repeated impact loading in Arctic conditions

Castellanos

Prabhakar

2018

Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des.

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“…A UD laminate model was created in MAC/GMC with material properties from the graphite fiber and epoxy at room temperature, as shown in Table 1. To match the experimental results from Kim et al (2007), the axial fiber modulus was modified until the simulated overall composite axial stiffness agreed with the experimental overall composite axial stiffness at room temperature. This was repeated for all temperatures: 25, − 50, − 100, and − 150 • C, as summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Validation With Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al (2007) conducted tensile stiffness experiments with a unidirectional graphite-epoxy-matrix composite from room temperature to − 150 • C. Based on their experimental results docu- Fig. 7 Parametric study of material properties affecting composite global axial CTE of a cross-ply (CP) layup mented in the paper Kim et al (2007), and the result of the parametric studies discussed earlier, the experiment can be simulated in MAC/GMC. A UD laminate model was created in MAC/GMC with material properties from the graphite fiber and epoxy at room temperature, as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Validation With Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, if there were experimental stiffness data available for a [±45] 2s laminate at low temperature, the MAC/GMC model could be correlated to that data by tuning the epoxy constituent shear modulus. Table 2 Effect of temperature on carbon fiber axial modulus, by matching UD simulation results with UD experimental data (Kim et al 2007) Temperature ( • C) Experimental composite axial stiffness (GPa) (Kim et al 2007) Simulation composite axial stiffness (GPa)…”

Section: [±45] 2s Laminate Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 summarizes the results from these experiments for three different laminate layups: unidirectional (UD), cross-ply (CP), and quasi-isotropic (QI). Kim et al (2007) studied the effects of thermomechanical loading cycles of T700/epoxy UD laminate and concluded that axial tensile stiffness tends to increase as temperature decreases and the composite was hardly sensitive to the loading cycles after three cycles. Reed and Golda (1994) reviewed the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy-matrix UD laminates reinforced with boron, alumina, aramid, S-glass, E-glass, and high strength, high modulus, and medium modulus carbon fibers from 4 to 295 K. Their data concluded that, at low temperature, the composite tensile strength and modulus depend primarily on the fiber strength and secondarily on the matrix resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multiscale modeling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites in low-temperature arctic conditions

Cross

Tan

Pineda

et al. 2018

Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des.

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Exploration of new frontiers within the Arctic region introduces new challenges for the structural materials used in naval applications. This compels research on the influence of Arctic temperatures (from room temperature to − 70 • C) on the mechanical behavior of composites. In the current investigation, the effects of low temperatures on the axial stiffness of graphite/epoxy composites with unidirectional, cross-ply, and quasi-isotropic layups are studied using MAC/GMC, a micromechanical simulation tool developed by the NASA Glenn Research Center. Parametric studies were conducted to understand how various constituent material properties of a graphite/epoxy laminate influence the global, homogenized, axial stiffness of the composite subjected to arctic conditions. MAC/GMC provided accurate simulation results as compared with published experimental data. Results revealed that the increase in axial stiffness of carbon fibers is the main mechanism responsible for the overall increase in the global axial stiffness of the laminated composites at low temperature. The current research effort expands the understanding of how composites respond and behave in such extreme, low-temperature environments.

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Loading rate sensitivity of liquid nitrogen conditioned glass fiber reinforced polymeric composites: An emphasis on tensile and thermal responses

Mahato

Dutta

Ray

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Glass fiber reinforced polymeric (GFRP) composites are being accepted as potential materials for ultra‐low temperature applications. The current investigation is to evaluate effect of liquid nitrogen (LN2) conditioning (for different intervals of time) on the loading rate sensitivity of tensile response of GFRP composites. In order to assess this, tensile tests of the unconditioned and conditioned specimens were carried out at different crosshead speeds viz. 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 mm/min. At 1 mm/min crosshead speed, an improvement of 3.33% and 7.3% ultimate tensile strength (UTS) value was observed in case of 0.25 and 1 h conditioned GFRP composites, respectively, as compared to unconditioned GFRP composites. Similarly, the specimens tested at 1000 mm/min show an improvement of 11.39% and 12.02% UTS for 0.25 and 1 h LN2 conditioned GFRP composites, respectively, as compared to unconditioned GFRP composites. Effect of LN2 conditioning on crosshead speed sensitivity of modulus and strain at break are also reported. The in‐service temperature of the GFRP composite was measured using temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer was used in the temperature range (40–200 °C) to correlate the mechanical and thermomechanical response of the GFRP composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45856.

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Tensile response of graphite/epoxy composites at low temperatures

Cited by 67 publications

References 7 publications

Durability and failure mechanics of woven carbon composites under repeated impact loading in Arctic conditions

Durability and failure mechanics of woven carbon composites under repeated impact loading in Arctic conditions

Multiscale modeling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites in low-temperature arctic conditions

Loading rate sensitivity of liquid nitrogen conditioned glass fiber reinforced polymeric composites: An emphasis on tensile and thermal responses

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