Tensile properties and impact behaviour of poly(D(−)3-hydroxybutyrate)/rubber blends

Abbate, Mario; Martuscelli, E.; Ragosta, G.; Scarinzi, Gennaro

doi:10.1007/bf00576797

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Martuscelli et al 54,55 estudaram blendas de PHB e borracha de poli(etileno-co-propileno) funcionalizada com anidrido maleico (EPR-g-MA) e com maleato de dibutila (EPR-g-DBM). Estas blendas apresentaram melhores propriedades mecânicas em relação ao PHB, principalmente para as blendas contendo o EPR-g-MA.…”

Section: Phb/poli(etileno-co-propileno) -Eprunclassified

Blendas de PHB e seus copolímeros: miscibilidade e compatibilidade

Quental¹,

Carvalho²,

Tada³

et al. 2010

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 12/5/09; aceito em 29/7/09; publicado na web em 8/1/10 BLENDS OF PHB AND ITS COPOLYMERS: MISCIBILITY AND COMPATIBILITY. Poly(hydroxybutyrate) and its copolymers are linear polyesters behaving as conventional thermoplastic materials. However, they are totally biodegradable and produced by a wide variety of bacteria from renewable sources. Some properties and high production cost are still preventing future applications. In an attempt to improve the properties and to reduce cost blending PHB with others polymeric materials is one of the most efficient method. In this paper, miscibility, compatibility, morphological and mechanical aspects of PHB blends will be reviewed. An extensive revision over twenty last years was realized about works of blends based on PHB and its copolymers.Keywords: blends; PHB; miscibility. INTRODUÇÃO Poli(hidroxibutirato) -PHBO PHB e seus copolímeros são produzidos naturalmente por bactérias a partir de fontes renováveis de energia, e são biodegradados por uma enorme quantidade de bactérias e fungos presentes na natureza. 1,2 No Brasil, a produção de PHB foi desenvolvida por uma joint venture entre a Copersucar (Cooperativa dos Produtores de Canade-açúcar do Estado de São Paulo), o IPT (Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas) e pelo ICB (Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da USP).3,4 A produção de PHB, encontrou condições excepcionalmente favoráveis no Brasil devido às características da indústria de açúcar e álcool, bastante desenvolvida durante o programa PROALCOOL. A disposição de açúcar a baixos preços e grandes quantidades, que é utilizado como substrato para o crescimento das bactérias do PHB, é uma das principais características que favorecem a produção desse polímero.De 1995 a 2000, a primeira produção em planta piloto do PHB no Brasil, utilizando o processo Copersucar-IPT-ICB, foi realizada na usina de açúcar e álcool Usina da Pedra. Os principais objetivos dessa planta piloto foram testar a viabilidade do processo, desenvolvê-lo e realizar uma avaliação econômica do custo de produção de PHB. 4 Em 2000, a produção comercial de PHB se iniciou com a criação da empresa PHB Industrial, em Serrana, próxima à Usina da Pedra. 4 A produção de PHB pela PHB Industrial é a única produção industrial de PHB a partir de cana-de-açúcar e integrada em usina sucroalcooleira. Essa empresa opera desde 2005 com uma planta de capacidade máxima de 60 toneladas de PHB por ano. "Enquanto na Europa, o PHB é produzido a US$10-20,00/kg, no Brasil esses custos estão entre US$2,5-5,00/kg (...)".3 No entanto, esse preço ainda é muito superior aos preços dos polímeros sintéticos da indústria petroquímica, o que desestimula a ampla comercialização do PHB.A biodegradabilidade não pode ser o único atrativo no PHB ou em qualquer polímero biodegradável. Para ser aceito em larga escala, estes polímeros têm de possuir os atrativos dos termoplásticos convencionais como: (i) suprir a demanda do mercado, ou seja, ser produzido em grande quantidade; (ii) correta compostagem para preservar a sua biodegradação; (iii)...

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Section: Phb/poli(etileno-co-propileno) -Eprunclassified

Blendas de PHB e seus copolímeros: miscibilidade e compatibilidade

Quental¹,

Carvalho²,

Tada³

et al. 2010

Quím. Nova

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“…Blending PHB with other (co-)polymers such as ethylenepropylene rubber (EPR) (Abbate, Martuscelli, Ragosta, & Scarinzi, 1991), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) (Parulekar & Mohanty, 2006), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) (Hay & Sharma, 2000), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (Chun & Kim, 2000), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) (Ma, Hristova-Bogaerds, Lemstra, Zhang, & Wang, 2012;Zhang, Mohanty, & Misra, 2012), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) (Nagarajan, Misra, & Mohanty, 2013), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) (Gao et al, 2006;Kikkawa et al, 2006) and starch (Cheng, Peng, & Lui, 2011) is an effective way to make bio-based materials with improved properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–property relationships of reactively compatibilized PHB/EVA/starch blends

Piming

Chen

et al. 2014

Carbohydrate Polymers

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a b s t r a c tA method is addressed to prepare poly(hydroxybutyrate)/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/starch (PHB/EVA/starch) blends with fine dispersion of starch, i.e. by an in situ compatibilization in the presence of maleic anhydride (MA) and peroxide. The starch particle size is reduced from hundreds-m to sub-m after the compatibilization accompanied by an improvement in interfacial adhesion. Meanwhile, starch-in-EVA-type morphology is observed in the blends. The EVA and starch gradually changed into a (partially) co-continuous phase with increasing MA content. Consequently, toughness of the blends was improved as evidenced by an increase in elongation at break and tensile-fracture energy (work). Cavitation, fibrillation and matrix yielding are regarded as the toughening mechanism for the compatibilized blends. In addition, the T g of the EVA phase is dependent on its phase morphology in the blends while the thermal behavior of the PHB was only slightly affected by the compatibilization.

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“…Bio-or petroleum-based polymers, for example, poly(lactide), 11 polysaccharides, 12,13 polyethyleneoxide, 14 poly(epichlorohydrin), 15 poly(vinylacetate), 16 poly(methylmethacrylate), 17 poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) 18 and ethylene-propylene rubber, 19 have been blended with P(3HB) or P(3HB-co-3HV). The miscibility, morphology and mechanical properties have been studied, and some improvements in the mechanical properties of some blends have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

Katsumata

Saitō

Fang

et al. 2011

Polym J

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To improve the mechanical properties of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HH)], the materials were blended with poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL). The P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) cast film and the P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH) melt-pressed film show brittleness after aging, although unaged samples show ductile behavior. However, the addition of a small amount of PCL was found to greatly improve the toughness of the P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) cast film and the P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH) melt-pressed film. Reduction in the whitening of the elongated P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) film by blending with PCL indicates that a transition in the deformation mechanism of the film was induced. In P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH)/PCL melt-pressed films, a cloud of craze initiation created by the dispersed PCL was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and scanning electron microscopy images of the blended films indicated that finely dispersed PCL, the crystallization of which was restricted, and/or voids formed during preparation contribute to the delocalization of the applied stress and ductile deformation of P(3HB-co-3HH) films. In conclusion, the transition in the deformation mechanisms and the delocalization of the applied stress are expected to be important for enhancing the toughness of aged P(3HB-co-3HH)s, and blending with a small amount of PCL is a simple way to improve the mechanical properties of P(3HB-co-3HH)s. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 484-492; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.12; published online 23 February 2011Keywords: blend; mechanical property; polyhydroxyalkanoate; poly(e-caprolactone); tensile test INTRODUCTION Several kinds of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biosynthesized by various bacteria as energy-storage materials. 1-5 They may be produced from renewable natural resources and have biodegradability. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HH)] is part of the PHA family. 6 Doi et al. 7 have found that the content of the 3HH unit greatly affected the thermal and mechanical properties of P(3HB-co-3HH), but had little effect on the crystalline structure of 3HB-rich P(3HB-co-3HH)s because of the formation of the P(3HB)-homopolymer-type crystalline phase and the exclusion of the 3HH unit from the crystalline lattice. P(3HB-co-3HH) was found to show improved mechanical properties and thermal plasticity over those of known PHAs. 8,9 One of the notable advantages of P(3HB-co-3HH)s is their adjustable mechanical properties, from soft to hard material, depending on the comonomer-unit composition; this allows for the tailoring of P(3HB-co-3HH) to various societal applications, such as in green and sustainable polymeric materials.However, P(3HB-co-3HH) becomes brittle after aging at room temperature, thus restricting its practical applications. Although

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Tensile properties and impact behaviour of poly(D(−)3-hydroxybutyrate)/rubber blends

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Blendas de PHB e seus copolímeros: miscibilidade e compatibilidade

Blendas de PHB e seus copolímeros: miscibilidade e compatibilidade

Structure–property relationships of reactively compatibilized PHB/EVA/starch blends

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

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