Tensile behaviour of uncured sheet moulding compounds: Rheology and flow-induced microstructures

Sentis, D. Ferré; Cochereau, Thibaud; Orgéas, Laurent; Dumont, Pierre; Roscoat, Sabine Rolland Du; Laurencin, T.; Terrien, M.; Sager, M.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.07.003

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The findings indicated that the tensile response of the uncured carbon fiber initially exhibited a non-linear behavior, followed by a linear region. Similar observations have been reported in previous studies, where the non-linear region is referred to as the lead-in region of the reduced modulus [1,10,12,13]. In our prepreg material, the lead-in (non-linear) region of the stress-strain curve extended up to 0.2% strain, after which a linear trend was observed.…”

Section: Experiments Results From Tensile Testsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This initial run followed standard tensile testing procedures, gradually increasing the load up to a maximum of 100 N at a displacement rate In order to address the issue of slippage caused by the viscous nature of the uncured prepreg, the standard gripping method had to be modified. Several approaches have been developed to prevent slippage in the grips, including rapidly curing the ends of the specimens using heater plates [10], wrapping the grips in sandpaper to add an extra source of friction in holding the viscous sample [13], and wrapping the sample ends around the pins [1]. In this study, a specific gripping method was employed.…”

Section: Tensile Test Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, they selected the stiffness represented by the linear section of the plot to describe the response of the uncured prepreg. A similar test method was conducted by Sentis et al [13] in their study of the tensile behavior of uncured sheet molding compounds. Dangora et al [1] performed tensile tests on strips of thermoplastic prepregs for temperatures ranging between 70 to 120 and concluded that increasing temperature decreases tensile modulus, reduces yield strength/strain, and increases the ductility of samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of Uncured Thermoset Tow Prepreg: Experiment and Finite Element Analysis

Derakhshani Dastjerdi,

Carboni,

Hojjati

2023

J. Compos. Sci.

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This paper presents an experimental analysis of the tensile behavior of unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepreg, focusing on the nonlinearity observed at the beginning of the stress–strain curve. Due to the material’s high viscosity, securely holding specimens during testing was challenging, prompting modifications in the gripping method to ensure reliable data. By using a longer gauge length, the slippage impact on elastic modulus measurement was minimized, resulting in good repeatability among the test samples. Experimental findings highlighted the significant interaction between fiber waviness and the viscous matrix, leading to stiffness reduction. The linear stiffness of the samples closely matched that of the fibers and remained unaffected by temperature variations. However, at higher temperatures, the epoxy matrix’s decreased viscosity caused an upward shift in the stiffness plot within the non-linear region. To support the experimental findings, a micromechanical model of prepreg tow with fiber waviness was proposed. An RVE model of periodically distributed unidirectional waved cylindrical fibers embedded within the matrix was developed to predict effective material stiffness parameters. The simulation outcomes aligned well with the uniaxial tensile test of the prepreg tow, demonstrating the proposed RVE model’s capability to accurately predict elastic properties, considering factors like fiber arrangement, waviness, and temperature.

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Section: Experiments Results From Tensile Testsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Tensile Test Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of Uncured Thermoset Tow Prepreg: Experiment and Finite Element Analysis

Derakhshani Dastjerdi,

Carboni,

Hojjati

2023

J. Compos. Sci.

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“…Molds are surrounded by heating elements, which helps to cure the fabricated composites. RTM performed using higher pressure reduces the cycle time in the fabrication of intricate shape components [26,27].…”

Section: Fabrication Methods Of Fibrous Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Fibrous Composites for Engineering Applications

Ashrith¹,

Jeevan²,

2023

J. Compos. Sci.

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This review focuses on the fabrication and mechanical characterization of fibrous composites for engineering applications. Fibrous composites are materials composed of two or more distinct phases, with fibers embedded in a matrix. The properties of these materials depend on the properties of both the fibers and the matrix, as well as the way they are combined and fabricated. The various fabrication methods, along with the process parameters, used to manufacture synthetic and natural fibrous composites for engineering applications, including hand lay-up, compression molding, resin transfer molding, additive manufacturing, etc., are discussed. The mechanical characterization of fibrous composites, including their strength, stiffness, and toughness of both synthetic and natural fibrous composites are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of fiber reinforcement are discussed, along with their influence on the resulting mechanical characteristics of the composites. It can be observed that the mechanical properties of fibrous composites can be tailored by controlling various factors, such as the fiber orientation, fiber volume fraction, and matrix type. Although fibrous composites offer significant advantages, several challenges hinder their widespread use in engineering applications. These challenges include high manufacturing costs, limited design guidelines, and difficulties in predicting their mechanical behavior under various loading conditions. Therefore, despite their unique properties, these challenges must be overcome for fibrous composites to realize their full potential as high-performance materials.

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“…A rheological aspect which has more recently been suggested by experiments by Ferré-Sentis et al [34,41] is that considering the SMC charge as incompressible might be an unrealistic assumption. This is likely connected to air both inside the sheets and between them.…”

Section: Rheological Measurements Of Smcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Numerical Modeling of Compression Molding of Sheet Molding Compound

et al. 2020

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A review of the numerical modeling of the compression molding of the sheet molding compound (SMC) is presented. The focus of this review is the practical difficulties of modeling cases with high fiber content, an area in which there is relatively little documented work. In these cases, the prediction of the flows become intricate due to several reasons, mainly the complex rheology of the compound and large temperature gradients, but also the orientation of fibers and the micromechanics of the interactions between the fluid and the fibers play major roles. The details of this during moldings are discussed. Special attention is given to the impact on viscosity from the high fiber volume fraction, and the various models for this. One additional area of interest is the modeling of the fiber orientation.

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Tensile behaviour of uncured sheet moulding compounds: Rheology and flow-induced microstructures

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Mechanical Properties of Uncured Thermoset Tow Prepreg: Experiment and Finite Element Analysis

Mechanical Properties of Uncured Thermoset Tow Prepreg: Experiment and Finite Element Analysis

A Review on the Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Fibrous Composites for Engineering Applications

Review of the Numerical Modeling of Compression Molding of Sheet Molding Compound

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