Tennis shoe–court interactions: examining relationships between contact area, pressure and available friction

Urà, Daniel; Carré, Matt; Dominguez-Caballero, Javier

doi:10.1080/19424280.2015.1038624

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…These mechanisms are affected by other parameters (e.g. roughness, contact area, normal load, shoe orientation), which have been previously studied and showed significant effects on friction [3,7,8]. It is possible that temperature changes due to friction during sliding contacts could change shoe sole material properties, with further implications for the tribological mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Tennis Shoe Outsole Temperature Changes During Hard Court Sliding and Their Effects on Friction Behaviour

Urà

Conway

Booth

et al. 2015

Procedia Engineering

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Tennis is a sport played around the world on a variety of surfaces like grass, clay and hard courts. The types of surface and the surface properties influence the movements that are used by players. On hard courts, players have recently increased their tendency to perform sliding movements, possibly to reposition faster and be ready for the next shot. In order to enhance player's performance and reduce injury risk, there is a need to understand the tribological mechanisms occurring at the shoe-surface contact. The present study has developed an effective method to accurately measure temperature changes throughout a sliding movement. Friction and temperature measurements of a commercial tennis shoe outsole were measured during simulated sliding over hard court surfaces. Results indicated how the temperature changed during and after a slide. Additionally, it was found that the temperature of the shoe sole is significantly affected by the vertical load applied, and this varies depending on the shoe location tested. It was also found an inconsistent effect of surface roughness under a range of vertical loads tested. For multiple sliding tests during a rally, the shoe will increase temperature incrementally for each new slide, which could result in large changes in friction behaviour during a slide. The findings from this study could have important implications for the sport of tennis, both in terms of performance and injury-risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The level of friction on these surfaces experienced is strongly influenced by the type and amount of sand used and number of layers of paint applied. The surface properties can influence the player movements and affect the risk of injury [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tennis Shoe Outsole Temperature Changes During Hard Court Sliding and Their Effects on Friction Behaviour

Urà

Conway

Booth

et al. 2015

Procedia Engineering

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“…Instead of using a static ink blot to determine contact area, 18 a new method was introduced in this research. To calculate the area ratio, a boundary of known dimensions was set around the wear regions of each sample after testing and photographs were taken under appropriate lighting conditions to show contrast between the regions of wear and regions showing no wear.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical shoe contact area ratio for sliding on a tennis hard court

Goff

Boswell

Urà

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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Dimples have been used in the design of some modern tennis shoe outsoles to enhance sliding ability on hard courts. Experiments were performed with bespoke rubber samples possessing various numbers of holes, which served to simulate dimples in tennis shoe treads, the aim being to assess the effect of contact area on sliding friction. It was found that as the ratio of holes to solid rubber increases, a critical ratio is reached whereby the static friction coefficient drops by more than 11% for tread-to-court pressures comparable to real tennis play. Though experiments reported here concern bespoke rubber samples, shoe manufacturers should be interested in the appearance of a critical dimple ratio that could aid them in the creation of tennis shoes suited for sliding on hard courts.

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“…8,29 The use of calks to provide traction for horses that travel on hard surfaces creates a level platform for the hoof, potentially limiting abnormal hoof placement, but COF data for metal calks on hard surfaces are lacking. 5 Because the COF decreases as contact stress increases, 30 horseshoes with calks may have a lower COF than standard horseshoes, and that difference may increase as the calk contact surface area decreases. The COF increases with surface roughness; therefore, the addition of a TLTC to the road surface of a shoe might improve traction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of horseshoes with and without traction adaptations on the gait kinetics of nonlame horses during a trot on a concrete runway

Wang

Takawira

Taguchi

et al. 2021

ajvr

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OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of horseshoes with and without traction adaptations on the gait kinetics of nonlame horses during a trot on a concrete runway. ANIMALS5 nonlame adult light-breed horses. PROCEDURESKinetic data were obtained for each horse when it was trotted across a force platform within a concrete runway unshod (control) and shod with standard horseshoes; standard horseshoes with high profile-low surface area calks, with low profile-high surface area calks, and coated with a thin layer of tungsten carbide (TLTC); and plastic-steel composite (PSC) horseshoes. Kinetic data were obtained for the control treatment first, then for each of the 5 shoe types, which were applied to each horse in a random order. Kinetic variables were compared among the 6 treatments. RESULTSBody weight distribution did not differ among the 6 treatments. Compared with the control, the greatest increase in forelimb peak vertical force was observed when horses were shod with PSC shoes. In the hind limbs, the greatest increase in peak braking force was observed when horses were shod with PSC shoes, followed by the TLTC and low profile-high surface area calked shoes. The PSC shoes yielded the greatest coefficient of friction in both the forelimbs and hind limbs. Stance time was longest when horses were shod with standard shoes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCEResults suggested that PSC and TLTC shoes provided the best hoof protection and traction and might be good options for horses that spend a large amount of time traversing paved surfaces.

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Tennis shoe–court interactions: examining relationships between contact area, pressure and available friction

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Tennis Shoe Outsole Temperature Changes During Hard Court Sliding and Their Effects on Friction Behaviour

Tennis Shoe Outsole Temperature Changes During Hard Court Sliding and Their Effects on Friction Behaviour

Critical shoe contact area ratio for sliding on a tennis hard court

Assessment of the effect of horseshoes with and without traction adaptations on the gait kinetics of nonlame horses during a trot on a concrete runway

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