“…Sport governance is supposed to take a more sophisticated "carrot and stick" approach (R and F) to correct the individual action, while also fighting against illegal betting and criminals to reduce the expected benefit (B). That is, the literature advances the view that education, well-designed (dis)incentive structures and their strict enforcement can correct the distorted incentive structure influenced by betting, thus decreasing its frequency (Fifpro, 2012;Forrest, 2012a, b;Hill, 2010Hill, , 2015Rodenberg et al, 2016;Sorbonne-ICSS, 2014a). Indeed, the utilitarian perspective works to reduce match-fixing to some degree.…”