Tendon of Flexor Carpi Radialis in carpal tunnel: a radiologic and cadaveric study

Abstract

Background/Aim: Carpal tunnel is an important anatomical passage that carries the flexor tendons into the hand. As there is still no consensus about its contents among the anatomy textbooks, the main purpose of this study was to identify the relations of the flexor carpi radialis tendon in the carpal tunnel. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was completed in April 2018 at authors' university's hospital. Seventy-four female and 44 male patients' wrists without any pathology were examined by using magnetic resonance images. The series of axial sections where the pisiform exist were evaluated by using T1 sequence and the structures in the carpal tunnel were identified. Results: Results of this study showed that the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis was found above the flexor retinaculum within its own septal compartment in all patients. Conclusion: According to the results, tendon of flexor carpi radialis crosses the wrist region superficial to the carpal tunnel. Thus, tendon of flexor carpi radialis doesn't have any effect on the carpal tunnel syndrome. Further cadaveric studies would be useful for identifying the contents of the carpal tunnel and morphological organization of the wrist.

Morphological Measurement and Anatomical Variations of the Clivus Using Computed Tomography

“…Botelho and Ferreira 32 evaluated the craniovertebral junction magnetic resonance images of patients with chiari malformation and basilar invagination and a control group of healthy individuals; the mean angle in the control group was 126 ± 9.40 degrees, with a minimum of 103 degrees and a maximum of 148 degrees. In a study by Ferreira and Botelho, 33 the mean angle in the control group was 126.20 ± 9.68 degrees, whereas a study by Erçakmak Güneş and Vatansever 10 reported mean angles of 153.46 ± 9.13 degrees in females and 149.93 ± 8.60 degrees in males. The mean angles found in this study between the clivus and the foramen magnum are therefore consistent with the literature, except for Erçakmak Güneş and Vatansever, 10 who suggested that their higher values may be due to social and morphometric differences and that such larger angles should be considered in surgical approaches.…”

“…Xu and Gong 20 reported that the mean angle was 135.8 ± 9.2 degrees in a control group and 110.4 ± 15.8 degrees in patients with basilar invagination, whereas Nagashima and Kubota 31 reported an angle of 157.4 ± 7.5 degrees in female patients and 158.2 ± 9.8 degrees in male patients on direct radiographs taken in a neutral position. Botelho and Ferreira 32 and Ferreira and Botelho 33 reported angles of 148 ± 9.88 and 148.50 ± 10.10 degrees, respectively, and Erçakmak Güneş and Vatansever 10 reported a mean angle of 140.61 degrees in female patients and 141.28 degrees in male patients. The results of the current study are therefore consistent with the literature.…”

“…In the current study, the mean length of the clivus was 44.22 ± 3.94 mm in females and 46.19 ± 4.12 mm in males. Erçakmak Güneş and Vatansever 10 and Chaurasia et al 11 reported mean clivus lengths of 32.1 and 43.1 mm in females and 35.2 and 45.53 in males, respectively, whereas Basaran et al 12 reported a mean clivus length of 35.742 mm in measurements taken from magnetic resonance images of 50 healthy individuals. We think that the difference between the reported values is due to the different measurement methods.…”

“…Clivus morphological measurements were made, based on previous studies, 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 as follows: the length of the clivus, the angle between the clivus and the posterior margin of the foramen magnum, the angle between the clivus and the dens axis, and the anteroposterior diameter of the foramen magnum ( Fig. 4 ).…”

Surgical Management of the Trapezium Canal Syndrome: An Uncommon Presentation of Tenosynovitis of Flexor Carpi Radialis

“…2 ). 3 In 84% of cases, the trapezium-trapezoid junction joins the superior face of the tunnel. Before the tendon runs into the tunnel, it slides on a trajectory over the volar distal pole of the scaphoid.…”