Tendência temporal e desigualdades na mortalidade por diarreias em menores de 5 anos

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the trend in mortality due to diarrhea among children under 5 in the town of Osasco (SP), Brazil, between 1980 and Methods: This is a descriptive observational study with two different designs, the first using individuals as the unit of study, and the other ecological, using groups of individuals as units of observation and including time series analysis. due to diarrhea and the differences between districts during the 1990s.Results: There were a total of 1,360 deaths, 94.3% of which were before 1 year of age and 75.3% of which were before 6 months. There was a 98.3% reduction in mortality and the period of peak mortality shifted from summer to autumn/fall. The median age at death increased from 2 months at the first three quinquenium of study to 3 months at the last. The residual deaths were among the children of mothers aged 20 to 29 years and of mothers who had spent less than 8 years in education. The relative risk between the worst-affected district and the average rate for the town reduced from 3.4 to 1.3 from the first 5 years of the 1990s to the second half of the decade. Conclusions:Our results demonstrate an increase in the age of greatest vulnerability and indicate that it is probable that the agent most often linked with mortality due to diarrhea has changed.

Diarreias agudas em Caraguatatuba: situação epidemiológica e sugestões para monitoramento

“…No Pará, Dias (2010 Observa-se que a faixa etária proporcionalmente mais atingida é a infantil, principalmente bebês menores de 1 ano e crianças entre 1 e 4 anos de idade. De fato, crianças são mais vulneráveis à incidência de diarreias (BUSATO et al, 2013;MELLI;WALDMAN, 2009), embora isto não amenize o fato de que 46% dos casos brutos registrados no município (período 2005-2010) foram reportados por adultos maiores de 15 anos.…”

Space–Time Clustering and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Mortality from Diarrhea in Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil: A 20-Year Population-Based Study

“…Several factors may have contributed to reducing deaths from diarrhea, mainly among children in Alagoas: (i) significant reduction in the poverty rate in Brazil in the last two decades; (ii) income distribution programs such as Bolsa Família; (iii) improvements in the sewage system and drinking water supply; (iv) a decrease in child malnutrition; (v) expanding access to public health services; (vi) campaigns to encourage breastfeeding; and (vii) increased vaccination coverage against rotavirus [ 2 , 5 , 10 , 33 , 34 ].…”

“…Social determinants of health (SDH), such as the human development index (HDI) and social vulnerability index (SVI), are associated with acute diarrhea and deaths [ 2 , 4 ]. Morbimortality from diarrhea, especially among newborns and children, is related to a lack of hygiene, and precarious conditions of basic sanitation and home infrastructure [ 5 , 6 ]. Additionally, in the poorest areas, there is a higher prevalence of bacterial (such as Escherichia coli ) and viral (such as rotavirus, the most common cause of childhood diarrhea in industrialized and developing countries) [ 7 ] infections, and those caused by intestinal parasites (such as Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia lamblia , and Entamoeba histolytic/dispar ) [ 2 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Educational video for infant diarrhea prevention: randomized clinical trial

“…The occurrence of diarrhea is usually associated with low educational level of the child's caregiver, illiterate or under 8 years of education [6,9,22]; mothers aged 20 to 29 years [22] and house workers [23]; and families with family income below a minimum wage [6]. These characteristics, mostly, are similar to the mothers of children with diarrhea in this study, although the income of the majority of mothers was higher than the minimum wage (between R$ 679.00 and R$ 2840.00).…”