In Brazil, per capita municipal solid waste (MSW) generation has been increasing in the last years. This situation, combined with inadequate MSW management, provides a disturbing scenario in the Brazilian States. For example, in Goiás State, just 16 of the 246 municipalities send their MSW to licensed landfills. To change this, Goiás should prevent waste generation, as advocated by the waste hierarchy, among other measures. To do this, it is necessary to identify elements that may be associated with increased MSW production. Thus, the goal of this study is to perform a statistical analysis to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors that may be associated with the per capita MSW generation in Goiás. For this analysis, descriptive analysis and linear regression with robust estimation were used. The results showed that the daily per capita MSW generation in Goiás can be better justified by socioeconomic and demographic variables rather than just by socioeconomic variables. The Municipal Human Development Index for Education has shown to be a statistically significant variable to exert influence on waste production, in order to contribute to the 39% growth of daily per capita MSW generation, in the State.