Tenascins in Retinal and Optic Nerve Neurodegeneration

Reinhard, Jacqueline; Roll, Lars; Faissner, Andréas

doi:10.3389/fnint.2017.00030

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…Moreover, non-fibril-forming collagens and collagen-like proteins are widely expressed in CNS (Hubert et al, 2009;Humphries et al, 1988;Lein et al, 1991), with some specific forms being expressed by neurons (Fox et al, 2007;Hubert et al, 2009;Sund et al, 2001). The tenascin family of oligomeric glycoproteins, recognised by α7β1, α8β1 and α9β1 integrins, mediate neuron-glia interactions and can exert both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on cell motility (Mercado et al, 2004;Reinhard et al, 2017;Varnum-Finney et al, 1995). Thrombospondins are a family of extracellular matrix proteins, shown to promote neurite outgrowth via α1β1, α3β1 and αvβ1 integrins (DeFreitas et al, 1995;Bamdad et al, 2004;Neugebauer et al, 1991;Charrier et al, 2010).…”

Section: Box 2 Integrin Ligands In the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrin activity in neuronal connectivity

Lilja

Ivaska

2018

Journal of Cell Science

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The formation of correct synaptic structures and neuronal connections is paramount for normal brain development and a functioning adult brain. The integrin family of cell adhesion receptors and their ligands play essential roles in the control of several processes regulating neuronal connectivity - including neurite outgrowth, the formation and maintenance of synapses, and synaptic plasticity - that are affected in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia. Many ASD- and schizophrenia-associated genes are linked to alterations in the genetic code of integrins and associated signalling pathways. In non-neuronal cells, crosstalk between integrin-mediated adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton, and the regulation of integrin activity (affinity for extracellular ligands) are widely studied in healthy and pathological settings. In contrast, the roles of integrin-linked pathways in the central nervous system remains less well defined. In this Review, we will provide an overview of the known pathways that are regulated by integrin-ECM interaction in developing neurons and in adult brain. We will also describe recent advances in the identification of mechanisms that regulate integrin activity in neurons, and highlight the interesting emerging links between integrins and neurodevelopment.

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Section: Box 2 Integrin Ligands In the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrin activity in neuronal connectivity

Lilja

Ivaska

2018

Journal of Cell Science

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“…These functions are not only important during development but also for regeneration under several pathological conditions. Tenascin C represents a key modulator in the immune system and inflammatory processes [152]. It is not only involved in barrier formation, but it is also a constituent of the glial scar after injury.…”

Section: Biomechanics Of the Laminar Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of the Human Optic Nerve: Structure and Function

Salazar¹,

Ramírez²,

Hoz³

et al. 2019

Optic Nerve

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The optic nerve (ON) is constituted by the axons of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). These axons are distributed in an organized pattern from the soma of the RGC to the lateral geniculated nucleus (where most of the neurons synapse). The key points of the ON are the optic nerve head and chiasm. This chapter will include a detailed and updated review of the ON different parts: RGC axons, glial cells, connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa and the septum and the blood vessels derivate from the central retina artery and from the ciliary system. There will be an up-to-date description about the superficial nerve fibre layer, including their organization, and about prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar regions, emphasizing the axoplasmic flow, glial barriers, biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa and the role of the macro-and microglia in their working.

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“…Tenascin‐R (TN‐R) is another subtype of tenascin. Expression of TN‐C can be found in other systems while TN‐R is restricted to the nervous system . TN‐R contains an amino‐terminal region rich in cysteine and have two distinct domains, epidermal growth factor‐like repeats (EGFL), and fibronectin type III (FN6‐8) homologous repeats.…”

Section: Functions Of Matrix Materials In Neural Differentiation Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for Neural Differentiation, Trans‐Differentiation, and Modeling of Neurological Disease

et al. 2018

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Neuron regeneration from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) differentiation or somatic cells trans-differentiation is a promising approach for cell replacement in neurodegenerative diseases and provides a powerful tool for investigating neural development, modeling neurological diseases, and uncovering the mechanisms that underlie diseases. Advancing the materials that are applied in neural differentiation and trans-differentiation promotes the safety, efficiency, and efficacy of neuron regeneration. In the neural differentiation process, matrix materials, either natural or synthetic, not only provide a structural and biochemical support for the monolayer or three-dimensional (3D) cultured cells but also assist in cell adhesion and cell-to-cell communication. They play important roles in directing the differentiation of PSCs into neural cells and modeling neurological diseases. For the trans-differentiation of neural cells, several materials have been used to make the conversion feasible for future therapy. Here, the most current applications of materials for neural differentiation for PSCs, neuronal trans-differentiation, and neurological disease modeling is summarized and discussed.

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Tenascins in Retinal and Optic Nerve Neurodegeneration

Cited by 42 publications

References 185 publications

Integrin activity in neuronal connectivity

Integrin activity in neuronal connectivity

Anatomy of the Human Optic Nerve: Structure and Function

Materials for Neural Differentiation, Trans‐Differentiation, and Modeling of Neurological Disease

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