Ten years water and energy surface balance from the CNR-ISAC micrometeorological station in Salento peninsula (southern Italy)

Abstract

Abstract. Data of surface-atmosphere energy and water transfer from a ten years (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) period of activity of the ISAC-Lecce micrometeorological station (http://www.basesperimentale.le.isac.cnr.it) have been analyzed: to the authors' knowledge this is the first decadal data set of surface-atmosphere transfer in Salento peninsula. The surface energy budget shows a tendency to a positive bias possibly due to several reasons that require more investigations. Some suitable indices related to the surface water balance, such as the precipitation intensity, the aridity index and the ground water infiltration fraction have been calculated. Possible trends of these annual averages in the decadal period are considered, also taking into account the statistical uncertainty associated to measurement errors and missing data. The results indicate a significant increasing in the precipitation intensity together with an experimental evidence of increasing of the ground water infiltration in the measurement area, that is in agreement with recent estimations for the whole Salento peninsula. On the other hand, recent studies show that seawater intrusion and salinization of the deep underground aquifer keep increasing in the same period.

Evapotranspiration Estimates over Non-Homogeneous Mediterranean Land Cover by a Calibrated “Critical Resistance” Approach

“…Table 1 also shows that the scatter and the correlation are worse but still comparable with those of case (1) and (2) (flux calibration), but with a much larger uncertainty for the obtained parameters P1 and P2, that affects the slope of the regression curve. [38]. -The elimination of the measured fluxes in the calibration procedure (case 3) sensibly increases the statistical uncertainty in the parameter P1 and P2, and this means a smaller sensitivity in the parameter evaluation when the model is calibrated using the surface-air temperature differences only.…”

Infiltration and Short-Time Recharge in Deep Karst Aquifer of the Salento Peninsula (Southern Italy): An Observational Study

“…However, the uncertainty can be quite large due to the missing data in the considered period. An estimation of the total measurement uncertainty considering both instrumentation errors and missing data has been suggested in [23], where the missing data uncertainty was estimated as proportional to both the contribution of the single measurement error and the total number of missing data (the total number of missing data per year is always less than 10%). The seasonal/yearly average/total values for P,I, and soil moisture at 2 cm in the short study period 2009-2011 are shown in Table 2, where the error interval now represents the total estimated measurement uncertainty from [23] (not the "climatic" standard deviation of the whole 2003-2016 period as in the long term averages of Table 1).…”

“…The data are stored as 30-min averages in the web database. More details about the base instruments, calibrations and the database can be found elsewhere [20,23,40]. Figure 2 shows the typical yearly distribution of the footprints of the scalar turbulent fluxes measured from the mast, calculated by the analytic model of Hsieh et al [41].…”

The Recent Floods in the Asso Torrent Basin (Apulia, Italy): An Investigation to Improve the Stormwater Management

“…In Table 2, the measured total precipitation for the flooding events are shown for the selected surface meteorological stations. The climatic annual average precipitation in Southern Salento is about 650 mm [27], so that the total for the selected period represents more than 35% of the average annual precipitation in less than three weeks. The soil moisture at 30-cm depth recorded at the ISAC-CNR station (reported here as a proxy for the bulk soil saturation conditions) was more than 0.30 m 3 /m 3 (relative volumetric soil moisture R about 70%, see definition later) before the beginning of the precipitation.…”