“…The severity of symptoms was evaluated by a modified symptom score [17] , which consisted of the sum of the scores for dysphagia, regurgitation and chest pain. Recurrent achalasia is defined as recurrence of severe symptoms of dysphagia, regurgitation or chest pain (symptom scores of 2 or 3), and the need for intervention again, or repeat HM [18][19][20][21][22] . Data regarding the first author, year of publication, first-line treatment, operation duration, median hospital stay, and symptoms remission rate, were extracted.…”