Ten-year exposure to elevated CO2 increases stomatal number of Pinus koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis needles

Zhou, Yumei; Jiang, Xiaojie; Schaub, Marcus; Wang, Xuejuan; Han, Jianqiu; Han, Seungsu; Li, Mai‐He

doi:10.1007/s10342-013-0728-8

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We found epidermal developmental adjustments to elevated CO 2 , particularly an increased SD and ED ( Table 1 ). This increase in SD at elevated CO 2 has rarely been documented ( Ferris, 1996 ; Reid, 2003 ; Zhou et al, 2013 ) and is contrary to our expectation of SD reductions ( Lin et al, 2001 ; Kouwenberg et al, 2003 ; Haworth et al, 2011 ) or no changes in SD ( Apple et al, 2000 ; Kurepin et al, 2018 ). While SD and ED increased, we found SI to remain unaffected ( Table 1 ), rejecting our hypothesis that—as in many angiosperms—a reduced initiation of stomata occurred in response to elevated CO 2 in Aleppo pine seedlings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2

Gattmann

McAdam²,

Birami

et al. 2022

Plant Physiology

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The cause of reduced leaf-level transpiration under elevated CO2 remains largely elusive. Here, we assessed stomatal, hydraulic and morphological adjustments in a long-term experiment on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) seedlings germinated and grown for 22–40 months under elevated (eCO2; c. 860 ppm) or ambient (aCO2; c. 410 ppm) CO2. We assessed if eCO2-triggered reductions in canopy conductance (gc) alter the response to soil or atmospheric drought and are reversible or lasting due to anatomical adjustments by exposing eCO2 seedlings to decreasing [CO2]. To quantify underlying mechanisms, we analyzed leaf abscisic acid (ABA) level, stomatal and leaf morphology, xylem structure, hydraulic efficiency, and hydraulic safety. Effects of eCO2 manifested in a strong reduction in leaf-level gc (-55%) not caused by ABA and not reversible under low CO2 (c. 200 ppm). Stomatal development and size were unchanged while stomatal density increased (+18%). An increased vein-to-epidermis distance (+65%) suggested a larger leaf resistance to water flow. This was supported by anatomical adjustments of branch xylem having smaller conduits (-8%) and lower conduit lumen fraction (-11%), which resulted in a lower specific conductivity (-19%) and leaf-specific conductivity (-34%). These adaptations to CO2 did not change stomatal sensitivity to soil or atmospheric drought, consistent with similar xylem safety thresholds. In summary, we found reductions of gc under elevated CO2 to be reflected in anatomical adjustments and decreases in hydraulic conductivity. As these water savings were largely annulled by increases in leaf biomass, we do not expect alleviation of drought stress in a high CO2 atmosphere.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2

Gattmann

McAdam²,

Birami

et al. 2022

Plant Physiology

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“…Although plants typically decrease stomatal density and area in response to eCO 2 (Poorter et al., ), we found the opposite for P. australis . However, our results are not unique, as a number of studies have reported increases (Apel, ; Watson‐Lazowski et al., ; Zhou et al., ) or no change (Field, Duckett, Cameron, & Pressel, ; Luomala, Laitinen, Sutinen, Kellomaki, & Vapaavuori, ; Reid et al., ; Tricker et al., ) in response to eCO 2 . Our data are comparable to previously published data on stomatal size and density in introduced P. australis (Hansen, Lambertini, Jampeetong, & Brix, ; Saltonstall, ), although these studies did not evaluate effects of eCO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Although plants typically decrease stomatal density and area in response to eCO 2 (Poorter et al, 2012), we found the opposite for P. australis. However, our results are not unique, as a number of studies have reported increases (Apel, 1989;Watson-Lazowski et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2013) or no change (Field, Duckett, Cameron, & Pressel, 2015;Luomala, Laitinen, Sutinen, Kellomaki, & Vapaavuori, 2005;Reid et al, 2003;Tricker et al, 2005) in response to eCO 2 .…”

Section: Salinity (Ppt)mentioning

confidence: 45%

Complementary responses of morphology and physiology enhance the stand‐scale production of a model invasive species under elevated CO₂ and nitrogen

Mozdzer

Caplan

2018

Functional Ecology

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Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) concentrations and nitrogen (N) enrichment are known to enhance plant productivity and invasion. However, the implications of their interactive effects for plant productivity are not well understood, especially at the stand scale, presumably because morphological and physiological responses to these global change factors are rarely studied together in the field or assessed at the stand level. We first determined how leaf‐level morphological and physiological traits responded to factorial combinations of ambient and elevated CO2 and N. We collected trait data from the model invasive species Phragmites australis (common reed) that were measured over 3 years in a long‐term global change field experiment. We then combined the trait data and additional descriptions of P. australis canopies in a simulation model of carbon assimilation to determine how morphology and physiology contribute to P. australis’ stand‐scale productivity. At the leaf level, we found that light‐saturated rates of photosynthesis were strongly stimulated by eCO2 (37%) and that this effect was enhanced by increasing salinity. N had a smaller effect (17% stimulation) on physiological responses than eCO2, but leaf morphological traits responded primarily to N; plant height increased by 27% and leaf area increased by 47%. Stand‐scale simulations demonstrated that that morphological and physiological adjustments induced approximately additive responses when P. australis experienced both eCO2 and N enrichment. The simulations also indicated that morphological changes (which were primarily associated with canopy size) influenced stand‐scale carbon assimilation more than physiological changes. Moreover, 97% of the N response was due to changes in morphology, whereas 62% of the eCO2 response was caused by physiological shifts. Our analysis indicates that morphological and physiological trait responses to elevated CO2 and nitrogen are likely to enhance the productivity of P. australis in complementary ways, potentially accelerating its invasion in North America. Furthermore, our data suggest that changes in morphological traits may have a greater influence on carbon gain than leaf‐level physiology under near‐future environmental conditions. Our study also highlights the importance of accounting for both morphological and physiological responses when attempting to infer global change responses from leaf‐level data. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13106/suppinfo is available for this article.

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“…20,21 A prominent increase in leaf area expansion with e[CO 2 ] under drought stress is associated with enhanced CO 2 assimilation and improved water use efficiency by reducing the stomatal density and transpiration rate, therefore leading to higher crop growth and productivity. 22,23 Moreover, e[CO 2 ] could possibly decrease the oxidative damage to plants by reducing the ROS levels via maintenance of a higher antioxidant potential, which successively helps the plants to survive in drought environments. 24 An e[CO 2 ] environment also assists the plants in synthesizing carbohydrates and starch contents through upregulation of the antioxidant metabolism, hence contributing to a higher grain weight and yield under drought conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As predicted, the varied responses of plants to e [CO 2 ] depend on the CO 2 exposure that the maternal or offspring plant experiences. It is well known that plants exposed to e [CO 2 ] for two or three generations show a higher growth response than those grown for one generation in an e [CO 2 ] environment. , The positive effect of e [CO 2 ] of promoting the net photosynthetic efficiency, which subsequently increased the crop yield and quality, have been shown in numerous studies. , A prominent increase in leaf area expansion with e [CO 2 ] under drought stress is associated with enhanced CO 2 assimilation and improved water use efficiency by reducing the stomatal density and transpiration rate, therefore leading to higher crop growth and productivity. , Moreover, e [CO 2 ] could possibly decrease the oxidative damage to plants by reducing the ROS levels via maintenance of a higher antioxidant potential, which successively helps the plants to survive in drought environments . An e [CO 2 ] environment also assists the plants in synthesizing carbohydrates and starch contents through upregulation of the antioxidant metabolism, hence contributing to a higher grain weight and yield under drought conditions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational Seed Exposure to Elevated CO₂ Involves Stress Memory Regulation at Metabolic Levels to Confer Drought Resistance in Wheat

Shafique Ahmad,

Shehzad,

Javid

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Drought is the worst environmental stress constraint that inflicts heavy losses to global food production, such as wheat. The metabolic responses of seeds produced overtransgenerational exposure to e[CO 2 ] to recover drought's effects on wheat are still unexplored. Seeds were produced constantly for four generations (F1 to F4) under ambient CO 2 (a[CO 2 ], 400 μmol L −1 ) and elevated CO 2 (e[CO 2 ], 800 μmol L −1 ) concentrations, and then further regrown under natural CO 2 conditions to investigate their effects on the stress memory metabolic processes liable for increasing drought resistance in the next generation (F5). At the anthesis stage, plants were subjected to normal (100% FC, field capacity) and drought stress (60% FC) conditions. Under drought stress, plants of transgenerational e[CO 2 ] exposed seeds showed markedly increased superoxide dismutase (16%), catalase (24%), peroxidase (9%), total antioxidants (14%), and proline (35%) levels that helped the plants to sustain normal growth through scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (11%) and malondialdehyde (26%). The carbohydrate metabolic enzymes such as aldolase (36%), phosphoglucomutase (12%), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (25%), vacuolar invertase (33%), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (68%), and cell wall invertase (17%) were decreased significantly; however, transgenerational seeds produced under e[CO 2 ] showed a considerable increase in their activities in drought-stressed wheat plants. Moreover, transgenerational e[CO 2 ] exposed seeds under drought stress caused a marked increase in leaf Ψ w (15%), chlorophyll a (19%), chlorophyll b (8%), carotenoids (12%), grain spike (16%), hundred grain weight (19%), and grain yield (10%). Hence, transgenerational seeds exposed to e[CO 2 ] upregulate the drought recovery metabolic processes to improve the grain yield of wheat under drought stress conditions.

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Ten-year exposure to elevated CO2 increases stomatal number of Pinus koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis needles

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2

Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2

Complementary responses of morphology and physiology enhance the stand‐scale production of a model invasive species under elevated CO₂ and nitrogen

Transgenerational Seed Exposure to Elevated CO₂ Involves Stress Memory Regulation at Metabolic Levels to Confer Drought Resistance in Wheat

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Ten-year exposure to elevated CO2 increases stomatal number of Pinus koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis needles

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2

Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2

Complementary responses of morphology and physiology enhance the stand‐scale production of a model invasive species under elevated CO2 and nitrogen

Transgenerational Seed Exposure to Elevated CO2 Involves Stress Memory Regulation at Metabolic Levels to Confer Drought Resistance in Wheat

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Complementary responses of morphology and physiology enhance the stand‐scale production of a model invasive species under elevated CO₂ and nitrogen

Transgenerational Seed Exposure to Elevated CO₂ Involves Stress Memory Regulation at Metabolic Levels to Confer Drought Resistance in Wheat