Ten-year evolution of suicide rates and economic indicators in large Brazilian urban centers

Asevedo, Elson; Ziebold, Carolina; Diniz, Elton; Gadelha, Ary; Mari, Jair de Jesus

doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000412

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In this regard, Ahmadi et al (28) have reported financial problems as one of the major determinants and risk factors for SBs. Besides, other studies have shown a significant and positive relationship between financial problems, unemployment, and income level, and suicide (29,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Role and Comparison of Stressful Life Events in Suicide and Suicide Attempt: A Descriptive-Analytical Study

Farahbakhsh

Fakhari

Esmaeili

et al. 2020

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: In recent years, suicide in Iran has become a growing concern. Although stressful life events (SLEs) are increasing as a global prevalence, suicide attempters (SAs) and the impact and association between suicide and SLEs are poorly understood. Objectives: This study aimed at examining the role and effect of SLEs in suicides and SAs. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed during 2014 to 2016 based on 186 records (through random quota sampling) of suicidal behaviors (SBs), including 154 SAs and 32 suicide cases in Malekan County, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A valid semi-structured Life Event questionnaire (LEQ) with 43-items of common types of SLEs in the last year before SBs was used by trained interviewers through single sitting and face to face interviews. The point-biserial correlation and multiple logistic regression analysis were utilized to estimate the adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals for suicide risk. Results: A significant correlation was found between SLEs scores and suicide (R = 0.739). Comparing SLEs types between the two groups of SAs and suicides, it was revealed that the highest odds ratios were related to financial problems (OR = 11.9; 95% CI = 4.00 - 35.85), early marriage (OR = 4.97; 95% CI = 1.68 - 14.65), exposure to new conditions (OR = 8.79; 95% CI = 1.3 - 59.22), and family conflicts (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.23 - 6.53), respectively. Conclusions: SLEs are most strongly associated with committing suicide. Suicide determinants are different from SA. SLEs management by health systems is imperative to improve life skills in suicide prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Role and Comparison of Stressful Life Events in Suicide and Suicide Attempt: A Descriptive-Analytical Study

Farahbakhsh

Fakhari

Esmaeili

et al. 2020

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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“…Suicide is a major global public health concern. It accounts for more than 800,000 deaths every year and is the second leading cause of death among people aged 15 to 29 years old 1,2. A total of 78% of suicides occur in low and middle-income countries 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 1985, as a result of decades of social and economic developments, Brazil’s epidemiological profile has been changing, contributing to a predominance of non-communicable diseases, especially in the most urbanized regions 4-6. According to the most recent census, there are 15 cities in Brazil with a population of over one million inhabitants 2,7. Although large cities can offer benefits in terms of social and economic development, individuals who live in large urban centers are also exposed to risks and hazards regarding physical and mental health problems 8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brazil has experienced significant socioeconomic changes between 2003 and 2014,9 including decreasing unemployment rates and income inequality, and an increase in the gross domestic product (GDP) 10,11. Although the country was not severely impacted by the 2008-2009 global economic crisis, the GDP declined by 3.7% in 2015 and the unemployment rate increased for the first time in over a decade, rising from 6.8 to 8.5% 2,12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between adolescent suicide rates and socioeconomic indicators in Brazil: a 10-year retrospective ecological study

Jaen-Varas

Mari

Asevedo

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Objective:To examine suicide rates among adolescents from six large cities in Brazil and to analyze the relationship between adolescent suicide rates and socioeconomic indicators between 2006 and 2015.Methods:Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the impact of socioeconomic factors – including social inequality and unemployment rates – on adolescent suicide rates.Results:The rate of adolescent suicide increased by 24% over the course of the study period. Social inequality (assessed using the Gini index), was positively associated with overall adolescent suicide rates (β = 10.68; 95%CI = 2.32-19.05; p ≤ 0.012). After disaggregating the findings by age (10-14 and 15-19 years), social inequality was associated with suicide rate only for adolescents aged 15-19 years (β = 9.63; 95%CI = 2.31-16.96; p ≤ 0.005). Disaggregating these findings by sex, the association with economic variables became significant only among females. Males had a higher overall suicide rate than females, and the highest rate was observed in male adolescents aged 15-19 years. Higher levels of unemployment were associated with higher suicide rates.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that socioeconomic indicators, particularly unemployment and social inequality, are relevant social determinants of suicide in adolescence.

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“…In Brazil, the WHO also indicated an increase in suicide rates among adolescents aged 15-19 years from 1990-2009 3 . Additionally, a study showed an increase in the age-adjusted suicide rate among adolescents of 9% between 2006 and 2015 4 . Moreover, another study showed that the suicide rate of adolescents increased by 24% in six large Brazilian cities and by 13% in the country between 2006 and 2015 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 10-year ecological study of the methods of suicide used by Brazilian adolescents

et al. 2020

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Suicide among adolescents has become a major public health problem worldwide. Our study sought to describe the most commonly used methods of suicide among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in Brazil between 2006 and 2015. Complete data were obtained from the Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) and coded into seven categories of suicide methods. The following statistical analyzes were performed: chi-square (χ2) tests to examine the association between the frequency of each suicide method and the year; odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) compared the relative chances of each suicide method occurring between boys and girls. In total, 8,026 suicides among Brazilian adolescents were registered over the analyzed period. The most commonly used method of suicide by both sexes was hanging (2015 = 70.3%), and the most significant increase was observed in girls (2015 = 65.82%). The proportional use of arms (2006 = 14.2%; 2015 = 9.1%) and poisoning (2006 = 13.3%; 2015 = 9.2%) decreased over the period. The increase in hanging is worrisome, mostly due to difficulties to impose access barriers and to its high lethality. In such context, a comprehensive understanding of suicide behaviors among adolescents in Brazil should be drawn to inform general prevention measures and, more specifically, the reasons for the increase in hanging need to be further investigated.

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Ten-year evolution of suicide rates and economic indicators in large Brazilian urban centers

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

The Role and Comparison of Stressful Life Events in Suicide and Suicide Attempt: A Descriptive-Analytical Study

The Role and Comparison of Stressful Life Events in Suicide and Suicide Attempt: A Descriptive-Analytical Study

The association between adolescent suicide rates and socioeconomic indicators in Brazil: a 10-year retrospective ecological study

A 10-year ecological study of the methods of suicide used by Brazilian adolescents

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