Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors – 2022

Bays, Harold; Kulkarni, Anandita; German, Charles; Satish, Priyanka; Iluyomade, Adedapo; Dudum, Ramzi; Thakkar, Aarti; Rifai, Mahmoud Al; Mehta, Anurag; Thobani, Aneesha; Al-Saiegh, Yousif; Nelson, Adam; Sheth, Samip; Tóth, Peter P.

doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100342

Cited by 48 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 431 publications

(760 reference statements)

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“…A positive correlation between tobacco smoking and cardiovascular risk has been described for both men and women with smoking still representing a major contributor to the top cardiovascular disease risk factors in 2022 [15]. Young women who smoke have an increased risk for sudden death with MI being the most strongly associated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction with acute cigarette smoking

et al. 2022

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Background Whether cigarette smoking affects the heart post-myocardial infarction (MI) in a sex-dependent way remains controversial. Using a mouse model, we investigated cardiac remodeling under the influence of acute cigarette smoke (CS) exposure following ischemic injury in both sexes. Methods Ten cigarettes were smoked twice daily for 2 weeks followed by MI and then 1 additional week post permanent LAD ligation. Cardiac function, histology, and infarct size were assessed, and inflammatory markers quantified by RT–PCR. Statistical comparisons were performed using an unpaired t test or ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Results We observed that cigarette smoking exacerbated both left and right ventricular remodeling only in males at an early stage of post-MI. Females did not display a significant structural and/or functional alteration within 7 days of cardiac remodeling post-MI upon CS exposure. Worsened right ventricular remodeling in males was independent of pulmonary congestion. CS-exposed males exhibited enhanced increases in left ventricular end systolic and diastolic volumes, as well as reductions in ejection fraction and fractional area changes of left ventricular base. At day 7, infarct size was increased by cigarette smoking in males only, which was accompanied by enhanced collagen deposition in both the infarcted and peri-infarcted areas. Both IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression significantly increased in CS-exposed MI male group only at day 7 post-MI suggestive of prolonged inflammation. Conclusions These findings indicate that CS exposure worsens the progression of cardiac remodeling post-MI in male sex in a significant manner compared to female sex at least at early stages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction with acute cigarette smoking

et al. 2022

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“…The ideal practitioner of preventive cardiology must address the impact of the social determinants of health and specific barriers to optimal health in all racial/ethnic populations. This includes implementing regular PA and heart healthy dietary patterns in disadvantaged neighborhoods [165] , among individuals with poor access to care. Adoption of healthy levels of PA and nutrition must account for cultural preferences and cost considerations using shared decision making in order to provide tailored treatment.…”

Section: Reducing Disparities To Achieve Health Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining preventive cardiology: A clinical practice statement from the American Society for Preventive Cardiology

German¹,

Baum²,

Ferdinand³

et al. 2022

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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“…Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is a major cause of cardiovascular events ( 3 ). The risk factors causing AS are divided into physiological and pathological risk factors, the former includes unhealthy dietary intake, lack of physical activity, genetics, specific population (age, race, nationality and gender) and smoking, the latter includes hyperlipidemia, pre-diabetes/diabetes, hypertension, obesity and renal dysfunction ( 4 ). AS is the most common type of disabling and fatal disease among the complications of diabetic macrovascular disease ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of advanced glycation end products on vascular smooth muscle cells under diabetic atherosclerosis

Lin

Yin²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease and leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. The progression of AS is a multi-step process leading to high morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammation and insulin resistance which strictly involved in diabetes are closely related to the pathogenesis of AS. A growing number of studies have linked AGEs to AS. As one of the risk factors of cardiac metabolic diseases, dysfunction of VSMCs plays an important role in AS pathogenesis. AGEs are increased in diabetes, participate in the occurrence and progression of AS through multiple molecular mechanisms of vascular cell injury. As the main functional cells of vascular, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play different roles in each stage of atherosclerotic lesions. The interaction between AGEs and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) accelerates AS by affecting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. In addition, increasing researches have reported that AGEs promote osteogenic transformation and macrophage-like transformation of VSMCs, and affect the progression of AS through other aspects such as autophagy and cell cycle. In this review, we summarize the effect of AGEs on VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. We also discuss the AGEs that link AS and diabetes mellitus, including oxidative stress, inflammation, RAGE ligands, small noncoding RNAs.

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Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors – 2022

Cited by 48 publications

References 431 publications

Sex differences in cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction with acute cigarette smoking

Sex differences in cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction with acute cigarette smoking

Defining preventive cardiology: A clinical practice statement from the American Society for Preventive Cardiology

Role of advanced glycation end products on vascular smooth muscle cells under diabetic atherosclerosis

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