Ten millennia without the Levallois technique: primary knapping methods in Initial Upper Paleolithic industries at the Ushbulak site, eastern Kazakhstan

Харевич, В. М.; Шалагина, А.В.; Павленок, Г. Д.; Bocharova, E.N.; Таймагамбетов, Жакен; Анойкин, А.А.

doi:10.1007/s12520-022-01672-6

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…At the same time, this industry appears in Eastern Kazakhstan ~51 ka already in an established form and remains unchanged until its disappearance ~37-36 ka. In addition, the industry of Ushbulak, which undoubtedly belongs to the circle of the Siberian-Mongolian-type IUP, differs from other assemblages of this community in the complete absence of the Levallois component (Kharevich et al 2022). Understanding reasons for this phenomenon is still a topic for future studies.…”

Section: Chronology and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First luminescence chronology of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic of Eastern Kazakhstan at Ushbulak

Kurbanov

Павленок

Ulianov

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The paper presents the first results of a detailed geochronological study of the Central Asian reference section for the Upper Palaeolithic multilayered site at the Ushbulak. Seven main cultural layers were identified in the stratigraphic sequence in two excavations. Artefact’s properties distinguish four main stages of the occupation: Paleo-Metallic era; Final Upper Palaeolithic; advanced Upper Palaeolithic; initial stages of the Upper Palaeolithic. Detailed luminescence dating using both optically stimulated luminescence and infrared stimulated luminescence is used to provide a chronology for the main archaeological units and proluvial-colluvial deposits of the site. The sedimentology is described, based on detailed characteristics of all lithological layers, the geomorphological structure of the area and modern exogenous processes. Comparison of three luminescence dating signals indicate that it is likely that all 3 signals were sufficiently well reset before deposition, so that the IRSL ages reflect the time of deposition, and based on other laboratory tests we consider the individual ages and the final chronology to be reliable. We now characterise the Ushbulak site in three cultural-chronological stages, corresponding to different periods of the Upper Palaeolithic stone industries: the Initial Upper Palaeolithic, recorded in the interval 51–34 ka; the advanced Upper Palaeolithic between 25 and 21 ka and the Final Upper Paleolithic between 17 and 14 ka. Finally, this research identifies this initial main settlement of the site as occurring about 51 ka ago, i.e. during the initial warming stage of MIS 3c.

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Section: Chronology and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First luminescence chronology of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic of Eastern Kazakhstan at Ushbulak

Kurbanov

Павленок

Ulianov

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A Newly Dated Late Pleistocene and Holocene Archaeological Assemblage from Bukhtarma Cave in the Southern Altai Piedmont, East Kazakhstan

Iovita,

Rendu,

Lindauer

et al. 2024

J Paleo Arch

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The Altai mountains contain a number of cave and rockshelter sites that have given crucial information about human evolution in Asia. Most of these caves are located in the Gornyi Altai of Siberia, while the southern flank of the range remains much less known. Bukhtarma Cave was a karstic cave located near the former village of Peshchera, on the banks of the Bukhtarma River running through the foothills of the southern (Kazakh) Altai mountains. The Soviet East Kazakhstan Archaeological Expedition carried several excavation campaigns in the cave in the early to mid 1950s, discovering Paleolithic stone tools as well as animal bones. The collections were split between the East Kazakhstan Regional Museum of Local History in Öskemen (the lithic and part of the faunal collection) and the Zoological Institute in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) (most of the fauna). Subsequently, the site was flooded by the construction of the Bukhtarma Reservoir in 1958, such that further fieldwork is impossible. However, in 2020, we reanalyzed the zooarchaeological collections and obtained several 14C dates. Based on the excavation documentation and the newly obtained dates exclusively taken from cut marked and carnivore-modified bone, we reconstruct at least three Paleolithic archaeological horizons, spanning the time between ca. 47–30 ka cal BP and exhibiting Middle and Upper Paleolithic characteristics, as well as the remains of several Holocene occupations, the latest of which dates to the Bronze Age. We present here a summary of the lithic and faunal assemblage and draw general conclusions about the site’s placement within the regional Paleolithic.

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The Middle Paleolithic of Tsagaan Agui Cave in the Gobi Altai region of Mongolia and its Siberian and Central Asian links

Khatsenovich

Rybin

Yadmaa

et al. 2023

Archaeological Research in Asia

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Ten millennia without the Levallois technique: primary knapping methods in Initial Upper Paleolithic industries at the Ushbulak site, eastern Kazakhstan

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

First luminescence chronology of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic of Eastern Kazakhstan at Ushbulak

First luminescence chronology of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic of Eastern Kazakhstan at Ushbulak

A Newly Dated Late Pleistocene and Holocene Archaeological Assemblage from Bukhtarma Cave in the Southern Altai Piedmont, East Kazakhstan

The Middle Paleolithic of Tsagaan Agui Cave in the Gobi Altai region of Mongolia and its Siberian and Central Asian links

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