Ten Days to Implementation of 3D-Printed Masks for a Level-I Orthopaedic Trauma Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

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Fabrication of a highly protective 3D-printed mask and evaluation of its viral filtration efficiency using a human head mannequin

“…Nevertheless, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a shortage of both respirators and general surgical masks, as well as the non-woven raw materials themselves [16] . Alternatives such as home-made cloth masks and three-dimensional (3D)-printed masks have been suggested [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] . In addition to the function of general masks (source control), these facemasks were expected to function similarly to respirators (wearer exposure) in some situations [22] .…”

“…On the other hand, several raw materials were evaluated as alternatives to non-woven fabric filters [24] , [26] , [27] , and cloth masks were revealed to provide only limited protection [28] . However, the performance of 3D-printed masks has never been evaluated in detail [17] , [20] .…”

A critical review of an additive manufacturing role in Covid-19 epidemic

“…Diverse 3D printed projects and designs were presented because of the vital function and strong demand. Adaptor valves made of 3D-printed plastic that can be attached to full-face snorkeling masks and a HEPA filter were recommended for use by health professionals [25] , [26] . 3D printing and a half-face mask that doesn't require premade masks are two different approaches that function as substitutes for surgical masks.…”

3D Printing in Development of Nanomedicines

“…During this period, 3D technology potential was harnessed to provide the needed medical and testing devices, personal protective equipment (PPE), emergency dwellings, visualization aids, and personal accessories. Three-dimensional technology was also used for training healthcare workers with a visualization video explaining the method of using PPE kits and other medical devices [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Table 1 presents the description of masks/PPE kits designed and fabricated using 3D printing for protection from COVID-19.…”