Ten bisphenol analogs were abundantly found in swine and bovine urines collected from two Chinese farms: concentration profiles and risk evaluation

Wang, Hao; Zhao, Tao; Liu, Ze‐hua; Zeng, Feng; Zhang, Jun; Dang, Zhi

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-23089-3

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This is in line with findings of other studies with concentrations below 1.0 ng/ml (Chen et al 2018;Karthikraj et al 2020). The detection frequency (52%) was higher than that in the studies of Karthikraj et al (2020) -30%, Rocha et al from Chinese farms -12.8 and 5.5 ng/ml (Wang et al 2023), 346 to 414 ng/ml in sows from another part of China (Zhang et al 2014) or in cats from New York State, USA -22.3 ng/ml (Karthikraj et al 2020). On the other hand, some studies revealed lower BPA concentrations compared to the present studyin pregnant women in Sweden (1.51 ng/ml - Derakhshan et al 2019), or in dogs from New York State (1.3 ng/ml - Karthikraj et al 2020).…”

Section: Daily Bisphenol Intakesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In the present study, the detection rate of BPA was 89%. Similar or higher detection rates were observed in many other studies, ranging from 88% to 100% (Lehmler et al 2018;Wang et al 2023). In contrast, lower detection rates have been reported by other authors, e.g.…”

Section: Daily Bisphenol Intakesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The same frequency was observed in a Saudi Arabian population (Asimakopoulos et al 2016). Very low or no detection frequencies were found in several studies performed on populations of adults and children in Brazil (Rocha et al 2019) as well as in boars and sows from China (Wang et al 2023). Children in South China were detected at a frequency of 18% (Chen et al 2018).…”

Section: Daily Bisphenol Intakesupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Additionally, very low or no detection of BPAF was found in various human populations, e.g., in Brazil (Rocha et al 2019), or Saudi Arabia (Asimakopoulos et al 2016). Concurrently, other studies reported the incidence of BPAF in all urinary samples (100%) of pregnant women living near an e-waste dismantling area in South China (Zhang et al 2020) or in pig populations from Chinese farms (Wang et al 2023).…”

Section: Daily Bisphenol Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, only two studies have monitored the occurrence of BPA or its substitutes in pigs (Zhang et al 2014;Wang et al 2023). As pigs are very similar to humans in physiology and metabolism, we also compared our results to studies conducted on humans with one exception that reported bisphenol concentrations in typical pets -dogs and cats (Karthikraj et al 2020).…”

Section: Urinary Bisphenol Concentrations and Detection Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The occurrence and risk assessment of bisphenol A and its analogues - bisphenol B, F, S, Z and AF in the urine of lactating sows

Bahelka,

Stupka,

Čítek

et al. 2023

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Bisphenols (BP) are pollutants that are globally and widely distributed and adversely affect the health of humans. However, knowledge of their presence in animals, especially farm animals such as pigs, remains limited. In this study, the incidence of bisphenol A (BPA) and its five analogues -bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol Z (BPZ) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) -was monitored in lactating sows on an actual pig farm. The urine samples of 27 sows were collected twice on the 3 rd day after parturition, and stored at -20 °C until analysis using MDGC/MS. None of the lactating sows produced bisphenol-free urine. In contrast, the urine of all sows contained at least two bisphenols (eight females), most often five (10 females) or all six bisphenols (five females). The average concentrations of bisphenols in urine were in the order of BPB > BPA and BPS > BPZ > BPAF > BPF. The most frequently detected bisphenol was BPB (96.0% of samples) followed by BPA (89.0%), BPAF (78.0%), BPS (63.0%), BPF (52.0%) and BPZ (37.0%). Additionally, the proportion of BPB in the total bisphenol concentration in urine samples was the highest (28.74 to 93.85%) while that of BPF was the lowest (2.33 to 16.70%). Estimated daily intakes of bisphenols as well as hazard quotients were much lower than risk thresholds established for the human population, indicating safe doses for the health status of lactating sows. However, these findings are limited as the mechanism of BPA analogue' activity is still unclear, and the long-term effects of small doses of bisphenols and the potential harmful impact of BP mixtures are unknown. Knowledge of the occurrence of bisphenols in pig farming may contribute to the elimination of BPA and its analogues from this sector, which is crucial for the safety of animal products as well as the welfare of pigs.

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