TEMPRANILLO genes link photoperiod and gibberellin pathways to control flowering in Arabidopsis

Osnato, Michela; Castillejo, Cristina; Matías‐Hernández, Luis; Pelaz, Soraya

doi:10.1038/ncomms1810

Cited by 156 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…In concordance with our findings, the expression of GA20ox1 is slightly downregulated in the Arabidopsis soc1 mutant (DorcaFornell et al, 2011), but the effect of this change on growth is unknown. SOC1 may also regulate the GA biosynthetic pathway by repressing TEMPRANILLO1 (Tao et al, 2012), which downregulates GA3ox1 and GA3ox2 by binding to their promoters (Osnato et al, 2012). Although our results strongly suggest that Fv SOC1 controls the GA biosynthetic pathway in strawberry, genetic experiments combining silencing of GA biosynthetic genes with Fv SOC1 overexpression or vice versa would be necessary to confirm our findings.…”

Section: Fv Soc1 Regulates Vegetative Development By Activating Ga Bisupporting

confidence: 61%

TheFragaria vescaHomolog of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 Represses Flowering and Promotes Vegetative Growth

et al. 2013

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In the annual long-day plant Arabidopsis thaliana, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) integrates endogenous and environmental signals to promote flowering. We analyzed the function and regulation of the SOC1 homolog (Fragaria vesca [Fv] SOC1) in the perennial short-day plant woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). We found that Fv SOC1 overexpression represses flower initiation under inductive short days, whereas its silencing causes continuous flowering in both short days and noninductive long days, similar to mutants in the floral repressor Fv TERMINAL FLOWER1 (Fv TFL1). Molecular analysis of these transgenic lines revealed that Fv SOC1 activates Fv TFL1 in the shoot apex, leading to the repression of flowering in strawberry. In parallel, Fv SOC1 regulates the differentiation of axillary buds to runners or axillary leaf rosettes, probably through the activation of gibberellin biosynthetic genes. We also demonstrated that Fv SOC1 is regulated by photoperiod and Fv FLOWERING LOCUS T1, suggesting that it plays a central role in the photoperiodic control of both generative and vegetative growth in strawberry. In conclusion, we propose that Fv SOC1 is a signaling hub that regulates yearly cycles of vegetative and generative development through separate genetic pathways.

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Section: Fv Soc1 Regulates Vegetative Development By Activating Ga Bisupporting

confidence: 61%

TheFragaria vescaHomolog of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 Represses Flowering and Promotes Vegetative Growth

et al. 2013

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“…This relay of information from GA to SOC1 occurs through degradation of the DELLA proteins RGA and RGL2 with a partial contribution from RGL1 (Cheng et al, 2004). In addition, GA has been shown to regulate flowering by interacting with photoperiod, ambient temperature and vernalization pathways (Galvão et al, 2015;Jung et al, 2012;Li et al, 2015;Osnato et al, 2012). The effect of GA is also spatially regulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NO FLOWERING IN SHORT DAY (NFL) is a bHLH transcription factor that promotes flowering specifically under short-day in Arabidopsis

et al. 2016

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Flowering in plants is a dynamic and synchronized process where various cues including age, day length, temperature and endogenous hormones fine-tune the timing of flowering for reproductive success. Arabidopsis thaliana is a facultative long day (LD) plant where LD photoperiod promotes flowering. Arabidopsis still flowers under shortday (SD) conditions, albeit much later than in LD conditions. Although factors regulating the inductive LD pathway have been extensively investigated, the non-inductive SD pathway is much less understood. Here, we identified a key basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor called NFL (NO FLOWERING IN SHORT DAY) that is essential to induce flowering specifically under SD conditions in Arabidopsis. nfl mutants do not flower under SD conditions, but flower similar to the wild type under LD conditions. The no-flowering phenotype in SD is rescued either by exogenous application of gibberellin (GA) or by introducing della quadruple mutants in the nfl background, suggesting that NFL acts upstream of GA to promote flowering. NFL is expressed at the meristematic regions and NFL is localized to the nucleus. Quantitative RT-PCR assays using apical tissues showed that GA biosynthetic genes are downregulated and the GA catabolic and receptor genes are upregulated in the nfl mutant compared with the wild type, consistent with the perturbation of the endogenous GA biosynthetic and catabolic intermediates in the mutant. Taken together, these data suggest that NFL is a key transcription factor necessary for promotion of flowering under non-inductive SD conditions through the GA signaling pathway.

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“…Previous studies have reported that the flowering activators CO, FT, LEAFY (LFY), and APETALA1 (AP1) are induced, but the flowering repressor FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) is repressed in low-nitrate conditions (12,13). There are also reports that nitrate availability controls the GA pathway at different levels (GA biosynthesis, perception, and signaling) to influence the timing of vegetative to reproductive phase change (13,14). However, Castro Marín et al (15) showed that low nitrate induced flowering by a pathway downstream of the floral integrators and independent of photoperiod, GA, and autonomous pathways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 functions in nitrogen regulation of flowering

Yuan

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

103

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The phenomenon of delayed flowering after the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has long been known in agriculture, but the detailed molecular basis for this phenomenon is largely unclear. Here we used a modified method of suppression-subtractive hybridization to identify two key factors involved in N-regulated flowering time control in Arabidopsis thaliana, namely ferredoxin-NADP + -oxidoreductase and the blue-light receptor cryptochrome 1 (CRY1). The expression of both genes is induced by low N levels, and their loss-offunction mutants are insensitive to altered N concentration. Low-N conditions increase both NADPH/NADP + and ATP/AMP ratios, which in turn affect adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. Moreover, our results show that the AMPK activity and nuclear localization are rhythmic and inversely correlated with nuclear CRY1 protein abundance. Low-N conditions increase but high-N conditions decrease the expression of several key components of the central oscillator (e.g., CCA1, LHY, and TOC1) and the flowering output genes (e.g., GI and CO). Taken together, our results suggest that N signaling functions as a modulator of nuclear CRY1 protein abundance, as well as the input signal for the central circadian clock to interfere with the normal flowering process. T he transition from vegetative to reproductive development is a central event in the plant life cycle, which is coordinately regulated by various endogenous and external cues. In the model dicotyledonous plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, five distinct genetic pathways regulating flowering time have been established: the vernalization pathway, photoperiod pathway, gibberellin acid (GA) pathway, autonomous pathway, and endogenous (age) pathway (1). These pathways ultimately converge to regulate a set of floral integrator genes, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), which in turn activate the expression of floral meristem identity genes to trigger the formation of flowers (2-4).Plants use the circadian clock as the timekeeping mechanism to measure day length and to ensure flowering at the proper season (5, 6). As a facultative long-day (LD) plant, Arabidopsis flowers earlier under LD conditions than under short-day (SD) conditions. Forward genetics in A. thaliana have identified the GI-CO-FT hierarchy as the canonical genetic pathway promoting flowering specifically under LD conditions (5,7,8). In this pathway, GI (GIGANTEA) can be considered the output point of the circadian clock to control flowering by regulating CONSTANS (CO) expression in the right phase, which activates expression of FT and TSF (TWIN SISTER OF FT) in the companion cells of the phloem within the vascular tissue (2, 9). FT and TSF proteins act as the long-sought florigens that move from leaves to the apical meristem to induce genes required for reproductive development (2-4). Both GI and CO are regulated by the circadian clock and by light signaling simultaneously and at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, to en...

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TEMPRANILLO genes link photoperiod and gibberellin pathways to control flowering in Arabidopsis

Cited by 156 publications

References 33 publications

TheFragaria vescaHomolog of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 Represses Flowering and Promotes Vegetative Growth

TheFragaria vescaHomolog of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 Represses Flowering and Promotes Vegetative Growth

NO FLOWERING IN SHORT DAY (NFL) is a bHLH transcription factor that promotes flowering specifically under short-day in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 functions in nitrogen regulation of flowering

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