Temporospatial modulation of <i>Lymantria dispar</i> immune system against an entomopathogenic fungal infection

Bai, Jianyang; Xu, Zhe; Li, Lü; Ma, Wei; Xu, Letian; Ma, Ling

doi:10.1002/ps.5947

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In addition, we compared and analyzed some immunity-related genes of E. obliqua with those of other major insects, including members of Lepidoptera ( Bombyx mori [ 33 ], Plutella xylostella [ 34 , 35 ], Helicoverpa armigera [ 36 ], Lymantria dispar [ 19 ], and Hepialus xiaojinensis [ 37 ]), Coleoptera ( Tribolium castaneum [ 38 ] and Dendroctonus valens [ 20 ]), Hymenoptera ( Apis mellifera [ 39 ]), and Diptera ( Anopheles gambiae [ 40 ] and Drosophila melanogaster [ 40 ]). The immunity-related genes of E. obliqua (148) were similar to those of L. dispar (150).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fat body tissues from ten larvae were collected under the microscope with dissecting forceps as one sample, respectively. Hemolymph collected from ten larvae was pooled into a 1.5 mL RNA-free microcentrifuge tube containing 0.1% 1-phenyl-2-thiourea and centrifuged at 500× g for 5 min at 4 °C to collect hemocytes [ 19 ]. Each sample was performed in triplicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assembled unigene sequences were annotated against the NCBI non-redundant protein sequence and Swiss-prot databases using BLASTX (E-value < 10 −5 ) [ 20 , 28 ]. The gene ontology (GO) annotation was obtained using the Blast2GO program [ 19 , 20 ]. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation was performed to discover the potential enriched pathways [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the infection mechanism of B. bassiana is as follows: the fungal conidia adhere to the host surface, proteases and chitinases are then secreted to hydrolyze the host cuticle, and then, the fungi invade and colonize the host hemocoel. They grow by absorbing host nutrients, and eventually the host is killed by the secreted toxins and physiological starvation [ 8 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The host’s natural cellular and humoral immune responses are activated after pathogenic fungi overcome the host’s physical barriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Humoral Immunal Response Transcriptome of Ectropis obliqua Infected by Beauveria bassiana

Long

Gao

Liu

et al. 2022

Insects

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Ectropis obliqua is a destructive masticatory pest in China’s tea gardens. Beauveria bassiana as microbial insecticides can effectively control E. obliqua larvae; however, the immune response of this insect infected by B. bassiana are largely unknown. Here, after isolating a highly virulent strain of B. bassiana from E. obliqua, the changes in gene expression among different tissues, including hemocytes and fat bodies, of E. obliqua larvae infected by the entomopathogen were investigated using transcriptome sequencing. A total of 5877 co-expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in hemocytes and fat bodies, of which 5826 were up-regulated in hemocytes and 5784 were up-regulated in fat bodies. We identified 249 immunity-related genes, including pattern recognition receptors, immune effectors, signal modulators, and members of immune pathways. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that several pattern recognition receptors were upregulated in hemocytes and fat bodies; however, others were downregulated. The investigated immune effectors (ATT and PPO-1) were suppressed. The results showed that there were tissue differences in the expression of immune genes. This study provides a large number of immunity-related gene sequences from E. obliqua after being infected by B. bassiana, furthering the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of E. obliqua defenses against B. bassiana.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Humoral Immunal Response Transcriptome of Ectropis obliqua Infected by Beauveria bassiana

Long

Gao

Liu

et al. 2022

Insects

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“…6(A), (B)), which suggested that the IIS pathway was inhibited. We also identified key genes of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway using a previous transcriptome with tBLASTn 31 . The expression of PI3K‐1, PI3K‐2, PI3K‐3 and Akt significantly decreased ( P < 0.05), and the expression of PTEN, the negative regulatory gene, significantly increased after EMB exposure ( P < 0.05) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal concentration of emamectin benzoate inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder

Bai

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) is one of the most important pests in the world. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is widely used in the control of agricultural and forestry pests. Here, we explored the sublethal effects of EMB on gypsy moths in order to better understand the toxicological mechanism of EMB. RESULTS The sublethal concentration of EMB exposure significantly decreased the larvae body weight. To further explore the mechanism, indicators related to digestion and nutrient metabolism were detected. The results showed that EMB exposure caused midgut damage, reduced the activities of digestive enzymes and changed the content of sugar and amino acids. Moreover, the expression of insulin/phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/forkhead box protein O (FoxO) pathway and sugar metabolism‐related genes was abnormal. The expression of insulin receptor (InR), chico, PI3K, and protein kinase B (Akt) significantly reduced, and that of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and FoxO increased. The expression of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) was upregulation and that of glycogen synthase (GS), trehalase (TRE) and trehalose‐phosphate synthase (TPS) were downregulation. All results indicated that EMB inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing midgut injury, digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder. In addition, EMB caused midgut injury may be related to apoptosis or a collateral effect of the damage in other tissues, and more extensive and deeper research is still needed to investigate the detailed mechanism. CONCLUSION Our finding strengthens the understanding of the sublethal effect of EMB, and provides a theoretical basis for the application of EMB in the prevention and control of gypsy moth.

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Dynamics and regulatory role of circRNAs in Asian honey bee larvae following fungal infection

Guo,

Zhang,

Zang

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) plays a vital part in the regulation of immune responses, growth, and development in plants and animals. Here, the identification, characteristic analysis, and molecular verification of circRNAs in Apis cerana cerana worker larval guts were conducted, followed by in-depth investigation of the expression pattern of larval circRNAs during Ascosphaera apis infection and exploration of the potential regulatory part of differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) in host immune responses. A total of 3178 circRNAs in the larval guts of A. c. cerana were identified, with a length distribution ranging from 15 to 96,007 nt. Additionally, 155, 95, and 86 DEcircRNAs were identified in the in the 4-, 5-, and 6-day-old larval guts following A. apis infection. These DEcircRNAs were predicted to target 29, 25, and 18 parental genes relevant to 12, 20, and 17 GO terms as well as 144, 114, and 61 KEGG pathways, including 5 cellular and 4 humoral immune pathways. Complex competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks were detected as being formed among DEcircRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEmRNAs. The target DEmRNAs were engaged in 36, 47, and 47 GO terms as well as 331, 332, and 331 pathways, including 6 cellular and 6 humoral immune pathways. Further, 19 DEcircRNAs, 5 DEmiRNAs, and 3 mRNAs were included in the sub-networks relative to 3 antioxidant enzymes. Finally, back-splicing sites within 15 circRNAs and the difference in the 15 DEcircRNAs’ expression between uninoculated and A. apis–inoculated larval guts were confirmed based on molecular methods. These findings not only enrich our understanding of bee host–fungal pathogen interactions but also lay a foundation for illuminating the mechanism underlying the DEcircRNA-mediated immune defense of A. c. cerana larvae against A. apis invasion. Key points • The expression pattern of circRNAs was altered in the A. cerana worker larval guts following A. apis infection. • Back-splicing sites within 15 A. cerana circRNAs were verified using molecular approaches. DEcircRNAs potentially modulated immune responses and antioxidant enzymes in A. apis–challenged host guts.

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Temporospatial modulation of Lymantria dispar immune system against an entomopathogenic fungal infection

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Analysis of the Humoral Immunal Response Transcriptome of Ectropis obliqua Infected by Beauveria bassiana

Analysis of the Humoral Immunal Response Transcriptome of Ectropis obliqua Infected by Beauveria bassiana

Sublethal concentration of emamectin benzoate inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder

Dynamics and regulatory role of circRNAs in Asian honey bee larvae following fungal infection

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