Temporary reduction in air pollution due to anthropogenic activity switch-off during COVID-19 lockdown in northern parts of India

Gautam, Alok Sagar; Dilwaliya, Nikhilesh Kumar; Srivastava, Ayushi; Kumar, Sanjeev; Bauddh, Kuldeep; Siingh, Devendraa; Shah, Mohammad Ashraf; Singh, K. P.; Gautam, Sneha

doi:10.1007/s10668-020-00994-6

Cited by 70 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…China: (Agarwal et al, 2020;Chauhan and Singh, 2020;Chen et al, 2020a;Chen et al, 2020c;Chen et al, 2020d;Fan et al, 2020;G Huang and Sun, 2020;Lian et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020c;Miyazaki et al, 2020;Nichol et al, 2020;Pei et al, 2020;Shakoor et al, 2020;Shi and Brasseur, 2020;Silver et al, 2020;Wan et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020a;Wang et al, 2020b;Wang et al, 2020f;Xu et al, 2020c;Zhang et al, 2020a;Yuan et al, 2021) Other: (Ghahremanloo et al, 2020;Han et al, 2020;Ju et al, 2020;Ma and Kang, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020b) South Asia India: (Bedi et al, 2020;Beig et al, 2020;Biswal et al, 2020;Chatterjee et al, 2020;Gautam et al, 2020;Harshita and Vivek, 2020;Jain and Sharma, 2020;Kant et al, 2020;Kumari and Toshniwal, 2020;Panda et al, 2020;Ranjan et al, 2020;Selvam et al, 2020;Sharma et al, 2020a;Siddiqui et al, 2020;Singh and Chauhan, 2020;…”

Section: East Asiaunclassified

The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

Gkatzelis

Gilman

Brown

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

133

154

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The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic led to government interventions to limit the spread of the disease which are unprecedented in recent history; for example, stay at home orders led to sudden decreases in atmospheric emissions from the transportation sector. In this review article, the current understanding of the influence of emission reductions on atmospheric pollutant concentrations and air quality is summarized for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), ammonia, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide (CO). In the first 7 months following the onset of the pandemic, more than 200 papers were accepted by peer-reviewed journals utilizing observations from ground-based and satellite instruments. Only about one-third of this literature incorporates a specific method for meteorological correction or normalization for comparing data from the lockdown period with prior reference observations despite the importance of doing so on the interpretation of results. We use the government stringency index (SI) as an indicator for the severity of lockdown measures and show how key air pollutants change as the SI increases. The observed decrease of NO2 with increasing SI is in general agreement with emission inventories that account for the lockdown. Other compounds such as O3, PM2.5, and CO are also broadly covered. Due to the importance of atmospheric chemistry on O3 and PM2.5 concentrations, their responses may not be linear with respect to primary pollutants. At most sites, we found O3 increased, whereas PM2.5 decreased slightly, with increasing SI. Changes of other compounds are found to be understudied. We highlight future research needs for utilizing the emerging data sets as a preview of a future state of the atmosphere in a world with targeted permanent reductions of emissions. Finally, we emphasize the need to account for the effects of meteorology, emission trends, and atmospheric chemistry when determining the lockdown effects on pollutant concentrations.

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Section: East Asiaunclassified

The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

Gkatzelis

Gilman

Brown

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

133

154

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show abstract

“…Gautam et al ( 2020 ) used seven environmental pollutants, i.e., PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , NH 3 , SO 2 , CO 2 , and O3, to calculate the Air Quality Index (AQI) from February 17, 2020, to May 4, 2020. In this research, Gautam et al ( 2021 ) measured the variations of air quality of Delhi (DTU, Okhla, and Patparganj), Haryana (Jind, Palwal, and Hisar), and Uttar Pradesh (Agra, Kanpur, and Greater Noida) and data have been retrieved from the Central Pollution Control Board website.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like any other country, India has also experienced a sudden decrease in carbon emission and environmental pollution due to lockdown implementation since March 2020 (Gautam et al, 2020 ). Delhi, India's capital is considered one of the most polluted megacities of the whole world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Chakraborty & Maity, 2020 ; Rizou et al, 2020 ; SanJuan-Reyes et al, 2020 ). In 2017, owing to increased air pollution, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has declared a community health emergency in Delhi (Verma & Prakash, 2020 ; Lokhandwala & Gautam, 2020 ; Wang & Su, 2020 ; Amdade et al, 2021 ; Gautam et al, 2020 , 2021 ). India's bad air quality is a key reason for premature deaths (Dandona & Shukla, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the relationship between carbon emissions and environmental sustainability during COVID-19: a new evidence from asymmetric ARDL cointegration approach

Sarfraz¹,

Mohsin

Naseem

et al. 2021

Environ Dev Sustain

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The study aims to examine the CO 2 emissions by considering the implication of COVID-19 under strict lockdown in India. The nonlinear (asymmetric) relationship is investigated between CO 2 emission and COVID-19 with its specific determinants. The positive and negative asymmetries of COVID-19 determinants are also captured by using econometric techniques. The daily data series of CO 2 emission, new confirmed cases, confirmed deaths, and lockdown as dummy variables from January 30, 2020, to December 1, 2020, for India is analyzed by employing the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model. This research revealed a significant nonlinear relationship between CO 2 emission and COVID-19. The bound test and asymmetric coefficients are confirmed by the variables' long- and short-run relationships. The dynamic multiplier graphs present that India's strict lockdown due to the rapid increase in COVID-19 patients significantly reduces toxic gas emissions, especially CO 2 emissions. This asymmetric relationship has been proficiently declared that unhealthy public routine, extra traffic, and unhygienic gases released in the air become the reason for environmental destruction. The lockdown is practically imposed for specific periods and reasons, contributing to reducing toxic emissions, but it is not a permanent solution for environmental sustainability. The government of India, policymakers, and environmentalists should make people aware of unhealthy and environmentally envying activities and policies and long-term applicable strategies should be designed to upgrade the environment's quality.

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“…Since December 2019, there have been many cases of pneumonia caused by this virus infection all over the world. The COVID-19 pandemic forced many countries to implement full or partial lockdown, causing a substantial reduction in the anthropogenic activities due to being prohibited from outdoor invasion which resulted in less transportation and shutting down of industries [3]. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a world pandemic [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering Correlations between the COVID-19 Epidemic Spread and Climate

Lin

Jia

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the lives of people all over the world. It is particularly urgent and important to analyze the epidemic spreading law and support the implementation of epidemic prevention measures. It is found that there is a moderate to high correlations between the number of newly diagnosed cases per day and temperature and relative humidity in countries with more than 10,000 confirmed cases worldwide. In this paper, the correlation between temperature/relative humidity and the number of newly diagnosed cases is obvious. Governments can adjust the epidemic prevention measures according to climate change, which will more effectively control the spread of COVID-19.

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Temporary reduction in air pollution due to anthropogenic activity switch-off during COVID-19 lockdown in northern parts of India

Cited by 70 publications

References 33 publications

The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

Modeling the relationship between carbon emissions and environmental sustainability during COVID-19: a new evidence from asymmetric ARDL cointegration approach

Discovering Correlations between the COVID-19 Epidemic Spread and Climate

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