Temporal weighting functions for interaural time and level differences. V. Modulated noise carriers

Stecker, G. Christopher

doi:10.1121/1.5022785

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Such large numbers of above zero medians would not be expected by chance if the later clicks contributed absolutely nothing to the rats' lateralization percept. In summary, the behavioral results shown in Figures 2 and 3 demonstrate that rats temporally weight ITD cues in a manner that is very similar to the temporal weightings previously described for human listeners by Stecker and colleagues (Stecker, Hafter, 2002;Stecker et al, 2013;Stecker, 2018). All four rats in our cohort showed a very strong and highly consistent onset weighting at all tested click rates, and the strength of onset weighting increased significantly at higher click rates.…”

Section: Behavioral Task Showed Profound Onset Dominancesupporting

confidence: 85%

The precedence effect in spatial hearing emerges only late in the auditory pathway

Auksztulewicz

Chan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: To localize sound sources accurately in a reverberant environment, human binaural hearing strongly favors analyzing the initial wave front of sounds. Behavioral studies of this 'precedence effect' have so far largely been confined to human subjects, limiting the scope of complementary physiological approaches. Similarly, physiological studies have mostly looked at neural responses in the inferior colliculus, or used modeling of cochlear mechanics in an attempt to identify likely underlying mechanisms. Studies capable of providing a direct comparison of neural coding and behavioral measures of sound localization under the precedence effect are lacking. Results: We adapted a 'temporal weighting function' paradigm for use in laboratory rats. The animals learned to lateralize click trains in which each click in the train had a different interaural time difference. Computing the 'perceptual weight' of each click in the train revealed a strong onset bias, very similar to that reported for humans. Follow-on electrocorticographic recording experiments revealed that onset weighting of ITDs is a robust feature of the cortical population response, but interestingly it often fails to manifest at individual cortical recording sites. Conclusion: While previous studies suggested that the precedence effect may be caused by cochlear mechanics or inhibitory circuitry in the brainstem and midbrain, our results indicate that the precedence effect is not fully developed at the level of individual recording sites in auditory cortex, but robust and consistent precedence effects are observable at the level of cortical population responses. This indicates that the precedence effect is significantly 'higher order' than has hitherto been assumed.

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Section: Behavioral Task Showed Profound Onset Dominancesupporting

confidence: 85%

The precedence effect in spatial hearing emerges only late in the auditory pathway

Auksztulewicz

Chan

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In summary, the behavioral results shown in Figs. 2 and 3 demonstrate that rats temporally weight ITD cues in a manner that is very similar to the temporal weightings previously described for human listeners by Stecker and colleagues [5,8,17]. All four rats in our cohort showed a very strong and highly consistent onset weighting at all tested pulse rates, and the strength of onset weighting increased significantly at higher pulse rates.…”

Section: Behavioral Data Revealed Profound Onset Dominancesupporting

confidence: 84%

The precedence effect in spatial hearing manifests in cortical neural population responses

Auksztulewicz

Chan

et al. 2022

BMC Biol

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Background To localize sound sources accurately in a reverberant environment, human binaural hearing strongly favors analyzing the initial wave front of sounds. Behavioral studies of this “precedence effect” have so far largely been confined to human subjects, limiting the scope of complementary physiological approaches. Similarly, physiological studies have mostly looked at neural responses in the inferior colliculus, the main relay point between the inner ear and the auditory cortex, or used modeling of cochlear auditory transduction in an attempt to identify likely underlying mechanisms. Studies capable of providing a direct comparison of neural coding and behavioral measures of sound localization under the precedence effect are lacking. Results We adapted a “temporal weighting function” paradigm previously developed to quantify the precedence effect in human for use in laboratory rats. The animals learned to lateralize click trains in which each click in the train had a different interaural time difference. Computing the “perceptual weight” of each click in the train revealed a strong onset bias, very similar to that reported for humans. Follow-on electrocorticographic recording experiments revealed that onset weighting of interaural time differences is a robust feature of the cortical population response, but interestingly, it often fails to manifest at individual cortical recording sites. Conclusion While previous studies suggested that the precedence effect may be caused by early processing mechanisms in the cochlea or inhibitory circuitry in the brainstem and midbrain, our results indicate that the precedence effect is not fully developed at the level of individual recording sites in the auditory cortex, but robust and consistent precedence effects are observable only in the auditory cortex at the level of cortical population responses. This indicates that the precedence effect emerges at later cortical processing stages and is a significantly “higher order” feature than has hitherto been assumed.

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“…An observer-response weighting analysis paradigm was used to determine relative contributions of spectral bands to sound lateralization. Previously, this analysis has been used to estimate the spectral and temporal weights for the judgment of spectral shape (Lutfi and Jesteadt 2006;Berg 1990), for spectral weights of loudness (Jesteadt et al 2014;Joshi et al 2016;Leibold et al 2007;Leibold et al 2009;Oberfeld et al 2012), for level discrimination (Lutfi 1989;Kortekaas et al 2003), and for temporal weights of ITDs and ILDs (Stecker and Hafter 2002;Brown and Stecker 2010;Brown and Stecker 2011;Stecker et al 2013;Stecker 2014;Stecker 2018;Dye et al 2005). Using an observerresponse weighting analysis enables the estimation of weights using stimuli with interaural disparities above threshold and taking binaural interference into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Weighting of Binaural Lateralization Cues across Frequency Bands

Ahrens

Joshi

Epp

2020

JARO

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The auditory system uses interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD) as cues to localize and lateralize sounds. The availability of ITDs and ILDs in the auditory system is limited by neural phase-locking and by the head size, respectively. Although the frequency-specific limitations are well known, the relative contribution of ITDs and ILDs in individual frequency bands in broadband stimuli is unknown. To determine these relative contributions, or spectral weights, listeners were asked to lateralize stimuli consisting of eleven simultaneously presented 1-ERB-wide noise bands centered between 442 and 5544 Hz and separated by 1-ERB-wide gaps. Either ITDs or ILDs were varied independently across each noise band, while fixing the other interaural disparity to either 0 dB or 0 μs. The weights were obtained using a multiple linear regression analysis. In a second experiment, the effect of auditory enhancement on the spectral weights was investigated. The enhancement of single noise bands was realized by presenting ten of the noise bands as preceding and following sounds (pre- and post-cursors, respectively). Listeners were asked to lateralize the stimuli as in the first experiment. Results show that in the absence of pre- and post-cursors, only the lowest or highest frequency band received highest weight for ITD and ILD, respectively. Auditory enhancement led to significantly enhanced weights given to the band without the pre- and post-cursor. The weight enhancement could only be observed at low frequencies, when determined with ITD cues and for low and high frequencies for ILDs. Hence, the auditory system seems to be able to change the spectral weighting of binaural information depending on the information content.

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Temporal weighting functions for interaural time and level differences. V. Modulated noise carriers

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

The precedence effect in spatial hearing emerges only late in the auditory pathway

The precedence effect in spatial hearing emerges only late in the auditory pathway

The precedence effect in spatial hearing manifests in cortical neural population responses

Perceptual Weighting of Binaural Lateralization Cues across Frequency Bands

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