Temporal variations of PM2.5-bound organophosphate flame retardants in different microenvironments in Beijing, China, and implications for human exposure

Seasonal variation and influence factors of organophosphate esters in air particulate matter of a northeastern Chinese test home

“…For both dayside and nightside bedrooms samples, TCIPP was the dominant OPE, followed by TCEP, TIBP, and TNBP. Similar results have been reported on both indoor (Luongo and Ostman, 2016;He et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019) and outdoor atmosphere (Li et al, 2018). The median TCIPP concentrations were 3.9 ng/m 3 (ranging: nd-390 ng/m 3 ; mean: 24 ± 80 ng/m 3 ) and 12 ng/m 3 (ranging: nd-80 ng/m 3 ; mean: 15 ± 13 ng/m 3 ) in dayside and nightside bedrooms, respectively.…”

“…The median EDI for toddlers (48.0 ng/kg-bw/day) from indoor environment was the highest, followed by infants (42.0 ng/kg-bw/day), children (36.2 ng/kg-bw/ day), teenagers (20.7 ng/kg-bw/day) and adults (11.8.0 ng/kg-bw/ day), suggesting the much more sensitivity to OPE exposure for young people than adults. The estimated EDIs in this study were comparable with the EDIs calculated in Beijing (Wu et al, 2016;Cao et al, 2019a;Wang et al, 2019) and Guangdong (He et al, 2015;Zheng et al, 2015;Zheng et al, 2017), China. Additionally, TCIPP was the most abundant OPE for all age group exposure with the EDIs ranging from 4.16 ng/kgbw/day to13.1 ng/kg-bw/day.…”

“…The significant positive correlation between the Σ 12 OPEs concentration and the temperature may explain the phenomenon (Table S9). Wang et al have reported that the indoor PM 2.5 -bound Σ 9 OPEs concentrations generally increased in summer (June to August 2016) and heating seasons (November 2016 to February 2017) (Wang et al, 2019). However, no elevated OPE concentrations in heating seasons were observed here due to the low TSP concentrations in bedrooms (Table S8).…”

Measurement report: Seasonality, distribution and sources of organophosphate esters in PM<sub>2.5</sub> from an inland urban city in Southwest China

“…However, 7 OPE concentrations were closely related to TBEP, TCEP and TnBP (r = 0.53-0.61, p < 0.01), which further indicated that OPE levels were influenced mainly by the dominant OPE compounds. Comparatively, weak correlations between most OPEs were observed in urban regions (Wang et al, 2018) and Turkey (Kurtkarakus et al, 2018). However, strong correlations between individual OPEs were found in Guangzhou and Taiyuan (Chen et al, 2020).…”

“…The concentrations of OPEs in the particles of Chengdu were comparable to those reported for Beijing (0.257-8.36 ng m −3 ) (D. , 6 OPEs for a Shanghai urban site (6.6 ng m −3 ) (Ren et al, 2016) and 6 OPEs for Bursa (6.5 ng m −3 ) but higher than those in Houston, United States ( 12 OPEs, 0.16-2.4 ng m −3 ) (Clark et al, 2017), Dalian ( 9 OPEs, 0.32-3.46 ng m −3 , 1.21 ± 0.67 ng m −3 ) (Y. , the European Arctic (0.033-1.45 ng m −3 ) (Salamova et al, 2014b), the North Pacific and Indian oceans (0.23-2.9 ng m −3 ) (Möller et al, 2012), the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (0.044-0.52 ng m −3 ) (Li et al, 2018), the South China Sea (0.047-0.161 ng m −3 ) (Lai et al, 2015) and the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans (0.035-0.343 ng m −3 ) . The detected OPE concentrations were also lower than those in Guangzhou and Taiyuan ( 11 OPEs, 3.10-544 ng m −3 ) (Chen et al, 2020), H. Yin et al: Seasonality, distribution and sources of OPEs in PM 2.5 in Southwest China Bursa, Turkey ( 6 OPEs, 0.53-19.14 ng m −3 ) (Kurtkarakus et al, 2018) and 20 industrial sites in an urban region in Guangzhou, China ( 12 OPEs, 0.52-62.75 ng m −3 ) (Wang et al, 2018).…”