Temporal variation of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complexes in atopic dermatitis: a follow‐up study

Abstract

The data indicate that temporal variation in S. aureus CC type is linked to flares of the disease.

Temporal Variation in <b><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i></b> Protein A Genotypes from Nose and Skin in Atopic Dermatitis Patients

“…Our results are in line with previous publications describing a heterogeneous population structure of S. aureus in AD and the absence of a prevailing strain [14, 21, 22]. Moreover, the most common spa -types found in our study population are also present in previously investigated AD populations and the general population, although the prevalence point estimates are not the same [14, 21-27]. This study confirmed that there are no specific spa -types preferentially colonizing patients with AD compared to healthy individuals.…”

“…It was shown that the type of inflammation and immune signature characteristic of AD depends on the S. aureus strain [12]. Furthermore, it has been proposed that temporal variation in colonizing the S. aureus strain is an aggravating factor in AD due to a new trigger that is introduced to the immune system [13, 14]. This emphasizes that strain differences may contribute to the complexity of the disease, encouraging a more extensive investigation into the S. aureus populations in AD.…”

“…Literature on the temporal variation of S. aureus and the association with disease severity is scarce. Due to low patient numbers with multiple treatment regimens and the absence of a strict follow-up time, results are subject to cofounders [13, 14, 17]. This study investigates the temporal variation in S. aureus spa -types in adult AD patients with a strict follow-up period of 2 weeks and standardized treatment, which reduced possible confounding of the comparisons over time.…”

Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in patients with hand eczema: Prevalence and association with severity, atopic dermatitis, subtype and nasal colonization

“…Swabs are commonly used successfully to sample from eczematous skin surface of HE and AD. 12,19,40 Therefore, we used swabs, suitable for both skin and nasal collection of S. aureus, for comparison, and repeated sampling. 12,31,32 Our "real-life" study design is both a strength and a limitation.…”

“…The 'glove juice method' is ideal for bacteria sampling from hands, and particularly preferred in quantification of bacterial counts; however, this technique does not allow for comparison of lesional and non‐lesional skin, and the method is likely to influence subsequent samplings. Swabs are commonly used successfully to sample from eczematous skin surface of HE and AD 12,19,40 . Therefore, we used swabs, suitable for both skin and nasal collection of S. aureus , for comparison, and repeated sampling 12,31,32 …”