Temporal variation in Antarctic sea-ice: analysis of a long term fast-ice record from the South Orkney Islands

Murphy, Eugene J.; Clarke, Andrew; Symon, C.; Priddle, J.

doi:10.1016/0967-0637(95)00057-d

Cited by 173 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Such teleconnections have already been suggested (Murphy et al, 1995;Peterson & White, 1998), but have not been associated with a recent decreasing trend in regional sea ice coverage at the South Orkneys. The strongest correlation between the Southern Oscillation Index and the polar climate anomalies has been found in the Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross Seas.…”

Section: Trends In Warming and Sea Ice Extentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Signy Island provides ideal conditions for this study because: it is located at the northern limit of the distribution range of the ice-dependent Adélie penguin, at the centre of the chinstrap penguin distribution and at the southern limit of the studied gentoo penguin sub-species distribution; the summer diet of all three species is highly dominated by Antarctic krill (Lynnes et al, 2004, BAS unpublished data); and, the island is within a region where there is evidence of a strong warming trend in air temperature (Jones & Reid, 2001) and a decreasing trend in winter fast-ice duration (Murphy et al, 1995). We investigated trends and major changes in the physical environment and in the breeding population of the three species over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming

Forcada

Trathan

Reid

et al. 2006

Global Change Biology

202

230

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Climate warming and associated sea ice reductions in Antarctica have modified habitat conditions for some species. These include the congeneric Adélie, chinstrap and gentoo penguins, which now demonstrate remarkable population responses to regional warming. However, inconsistencies in the direction of population changes between species at different study sites complicate the understanding of causal processes. Here, we show that at the South Orkney Islands where the three species breed sympatrically, the less iceadapted gentoo penguins increased significantly in numbers over the last 26 years, whereas chinstrap and Adélie penguins both declined. These trends occurred in parallel with regional long-term warming and significant reduction in sea ice extent. Periodical warm events, with teleconnections to the tropical Pacific, caused cycles in sea ice leading to reduced prey biomass, and simultaneous interannual population decreases in the three penguin species. With the loss of sea ice, Adélie penguins were less buffered against the environment, their numbers fluctuated greatly and their population response was strong and linear. Chinstrap penguins, considered to be better adapted to ice-free conditions, were affected by discrete events of locally increased ice cover, but showed less variable, nonlinear responses to sea ice loss. Gentoo penguins were temporarily affected by negative anomalies in regional sea ice, but persistent sea ice reductions were likely to increase their available niche, which is likely to be substantially segregated from that of their more abundant congeners. Thus, the regional consequences of global climate perturbations on the sea ice phenology affect the marine ecosystem, with repercussions for penguin food supply and competition for resources. Ultimately, variability in penguin populations with warming reflects the local balance between penguin adaptation to ice conditions and trophic-mediated changes cascading from global climate forcing.

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Section: Trends In Warming and Sea Ice Extentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming

Forcada

Trathan

Reid

et al. 2006

Global Change Biology

202

230

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Such fast ice is "a preeminent feature of the Antarctic coastal zone and an important interface between the ice sheet and pack ice/ocean" (Fraser et al, 2012). Variability in fast ice extent is often viewed as a sensitive indicator of climate change (Murphy et al, 1995;Heil et al, 2006;Mahoney et al, 2007). Fraser et al (2012) developed a high-resolution time series of landfast sea ice extent along the East Antarctic coast for the period March 2000-December 2008 using data from the MODIS (Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite.…”

Section: Antarctic Sea Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Observations: Cryosphere

2014

Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis

142

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“…Changing influences of warm and cold air flows and oceanic temperature anomalies advected by ocean currents result in fluctuations in winter sea-ice extent (Murphy et al, 1995;Nicol et al, 2000Nicol et al, , 2008aNicol et al, , 2008bKwok andComiso, 2002a, 2002b;Comiso et al, 2011;Turner and Marshall, 2011). These latter variations are most marked in the Amundsen Sea and Bellingshausen seas and South Atlantic regions, and are linked to changes in atmospheric circulation in the area of the Amundsen Sea Low (Yuan and Martinson, 2001;Turner and Marshall, 2011).…”

Section: Physical Conditions and Circulation In The Antarcticmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These latter variations are most marked in the Amundsen Sea and Bellingshausen seas and South Atlantic regions, and are linked to changes in atmospheric circulation in the area of the Amundsen Sea Low (Yuan and Martinson, 2001;Turner and Marshall, 2011). Decadal variations in these processes involve complex interactions in Southern Hemisphere atmosphere and ocean processes with the Southern Annular Mode, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and other climate modes (Murphy et al, 1995Kwok andComiso, 2002a, 2002b;Stammerjohn et al, 2008b;Comiso et al, 2011;Turner and Marshall, 2011;Clem and Fogt, 2013;Yu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Physical Conditions and Circulation In The Antarcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Hunt

Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation in the north provides connections between the sub-Arctic and Arctic despite the presence of encircling continental landmasses, whereas annular circulation patterns in the south tend to isolate Antarctic surface waters from those in the north. These differences influence fundamental aspects of the polar ecosystems from the amount, thickness and duration of sea ice, to the types of organisms, and the ecology of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Meridional flows in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans transport heat, nutrients, and plankton northward into the Chukchi Sea, the Barents Sea, and the seas off the west coast of Greenland. In the North Atlantic, the advected heat warms the waters of the southern Barents Sea and, with advected nutrients and plankton, supports immense biomasses of fish, seabirds and marine mammals. On the Pacific side of the Arctic, cold waters flowing northward across the northern Bering and Chukchi seas during winter and spring limit the ability of boreal fish species to take advantage of high seasonal production there. Southward flow of cold Arctic waters into sub-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic occurs mainly through Fram Strait with less through the Barents Sea and the Canadian Archipelago. In the Pacific, the transport of Arctic waters and plankton southward through Bering Strait is minimal.In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated fronts are barriers to the southward dispersal of plankton and pelagic fishes from sub-Antarctic waters, with the consequent evolution of Antarctic zooplankton and fish species largely occurring in isolation from those to the north. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current also disperses biota throughout the Southern Ocean, and as a result, the biota tends to be similar within a given broad latitudinal band. South of the Southern Boundary of the ACC, there is a large-scale divergence that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface. This divergence, along with more localized upwelling regions and deep vertical convection in winter, generates elevated nutrient levels throughout the Antarctic at the end of austral winter. However, such elevated nutrient levels do not support elevated phytoplankton productivity through the entire Southern Ocean, as iron concentrations are rapidly removed to limiting levels by spring blooms in deep waters. However, coastal http://dx

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Temporal variation in Antarctic sea-ice: analysis of a long term fast-ice record from the South Orkney Islands

Cited by 173 publications

References 31 publications

Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming

Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming

Observations: Cryosphere

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

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