Temporal Variability Patterns of Stormwater Concentrations in a Large Urban Watershed

Tiefenthaler, Liesl L.; Schiff, Kenneth

doi:10.2175/193864705783966837

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, southern California is intensely urbanized, with more than 17 million people living within 50 km of the coast, the densest coastal population of any region in the USA [11]. Finally, when storms do occur, rainfall is often intense, increasing flows in coastal rivers from <1 to >10,000 cfs in less than two hours [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Duration on the First Flush from Parking Lots

Schiff

Tiefenthaler

Bay

et al. 2016

Water

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Urban stormwater with large impervious (paved) areas often produces runoff with a variety of contaminants. Although southern California is among the most urbanized coastal areas in the United States, the effect of rainfall variations on washoff efficiency of contaminants from pervious and impervious surfaces is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of varying rainfall intensities and duration on runoff composition from highly impervious parking lots. In order to control the tremendous natural variability in precipitation of the arid climate in southern California, rainfall simulators were used to generate and quantify pollutant washoff at changing intensities and durations. Washoff of suspended solids, total and dissolved trace metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was strongly inversely correlated with rainfall duration. Rainfall intensity only affected washoff at the smallest measured duration; higher intensities produced decreased concentrations. The effect of rainfall duration was a reflection of the first flush observed in pollutographs for every duration and intensity sampled. Peak concentrations, up to an order of magnitude higher than concentrations later in the event, occurred during the first 10 min after the onset of rainfall. Longer simulated storms effectively diluted the first flush.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Duration on the First Flush from Parking Lots

Schiff

Tiefenthaler

Bay

et al. 2016

Water

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“…Second, anthropogenic pollutants that accumulate on urban surfaces and roadways during the dry months have been found to undergo seasonal flushing at the beginning of the wet season [Svejkovsky and Jones, 2001;Tiefenthaler et al, 2001]. The river suspended samples examined in the present study were collected in February and March (Table 2) toward the end of the wet season, and hence are least likely to have been impacted by the seasonal flushing effect.…”

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confidence: 96%

Sedimentary rocks as sources of ancient organic carbon to the ocean: An investigation through Δ¹⁴C and δ¹³C signatures of organic compound classes

Komada

Druffel

Hwang

2005

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Chemical and isotopic variability of particulate organic carbon (POC) was examined in samples from the Santa Clara River watershed and adjacent shelf to investigate the processing of fossil POC derived from bedrock. The Santa Clara is a small coastal river that drains mountainous terrain in southern California, United States. Organic carbon in shale, river suspended sediment, and coastal marine sediment was separated into three operationally defined organic compound classes: total extractable lipids, acid hydrolyzable material, and the nonhydrolyzable residue. In all samples, the nonhydrolyzable fraction was dominant (∼50% of POC), while lipids and acid hydrolyzable moieties were relatively minor (≤22 and ≤13%, respectively). The Δ14C and δ13C signatures of the isolated fractions varied dramatically, not only across different sample types, but also for a given sample. At the shale exposure, low Δ14C values (<−760‰) indicated dominance of ancient C in all three organic compound classes. In downstream samples, the extractable lipids displayed the lowest Δ14C values (<−500‰), while the acid hydrolyzable fraction was predominantly modern (Δ14C > −30‰). The nonhydrolyzable fraction displayed intermediate Δ14C values (<−190‰) that increased steadily downstream with decreasing δ13C values (−22.2 to −25.0‰), possibly from mixing of shale and surface soil POC. Our results indicate that most of the fossil POC discharged by the Santa Clara is composed of non‐acid hydrolyzable material, but its elusive molecular structure and marine‐like δ13C signature may render its detection in the ocean difficult. In contrast, fossil lipids may be more amenable to detection if their resistant components (e.g., asphaltic material) are unique to crustal sources.

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“…Arid and semi-arid watersheds also present unique challenges in streamflow modelling (Keller et al, 2004;Ackerman et al, 2005). During storm events, flow in arid watersheds is extremely episodic (Tiefenthaler et al, 2001). In the dry season, natural flows can decrease significantly and baseflow may be intermittent.…”

Section: Uncertainties and Future Directions In Urban Water Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio‐ecohydrology and the urban water challenge

et al. 2011

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Urban water systems are highly engineered. However, hydrology and ecology are still closely linked in semi-arid urban ecosystems in which surface characteristics, vegetation, and water flows are all highly transformed. Although these systems are human-dominated, there are many uncertainties in the water budgets of semi-arid cities, because evapotranspiration, runoff, groundwater recharge, and leakage are poorly constrained. Decision-making, governance, and socioeconomic factors play important roles in determining urban hydrologic budgets. We offer a framework to integrate these factors in studies that combine biophysical and social dimensions of the urban water system using the example of western US cities, which are facing critical issues in water supply and demand, and which can benefit from a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that determine water consumption, distribution and availability. Because of the severity of the water crisis in the western US, and the biophysical, institutional, and cultural barriers to developing and implementing new water management practices, this region provides useful lessons for addressing water challenges in other regions.

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Temporal Variability Patterns of Stormwater Concentrations in a Large Urban Watershed

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Duration on the First Flush from Parking Lots

Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Duration on the First Flush from Parking Lots

Sedimentary rocks as sources of ancient organic carbon to the ocean: An investigation through Δ¹⁴C and δ¹³C signatures of organic compound classes

Socio‐ecohydrology and the urban water challenge

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Temporal Variability Patterns of Stormwater Concentrations in a Large Urban Watershed

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Duration on the First Flush from Parking Lots

Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Duration on the First Flush from Parking Lots

Sedimentary rocks as sources of ancient organic carbon to the ocean: An investigation through Δ14C and δ13C signatures of organic compound classes

Socio‐ecohydrology and the urban water challenge

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Sedimentary rocks as sources of ancient organic carbon to the ocean: An investigation through Δ¹⁴C and δ¹³C signatures of organic compound classes