Temporal variability of subsurface stormflow formation

Kienzler, Peter; Naef, Félix

doi:10.5194/hess-12-257-2008

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The use of sprinkling experiments is fundamental for gaining knowledge about the processes occurring at the plot scale (Scherrer & Naef, ) and for trying to upscale this knowledge with a rainfall runoff model (e.g., Dobmann, ; Kohl, Klebinder, Sotier, Markart, & Meissl, ; Schindewolf & Schmidt, ). For this paper, the results of 12 sprinkling experiments performed in eight sites in Switzerland by Scherrer () and Kienzler () were available (Table , Figure ). Precipitation at rates of 20–100 mm/h was applied on 60‐m 2 hillslope plots for durations between three and six h. The generated overland flow, near surface flow, and subsurface flow were gauged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of the results of the sprinkling experiments mentioned in Section 2.1, on physical properties of soils, and on the field expertise of the authors who mapped the runoff types in the investigated areas, plausible value ranges were defined a priori for each parameter of RGM‐PRO (Table ). With regard to the storage capacity of soils, the values observed during the field observations ranged from 8 to 240 mm (Kienzler, ; Scherrer, ; Schmocker‐Fackel, ). The evaluation of the falling limb of the hydrograph of the sprinkling experiments allowed experimentally observed storage constants to be determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each individual site was selected as homogeneous as possible within the plot to facilitate the determination of the DRP. For more details on the sprinkling experiments, we refer to Scherrer et al (2007) and Kienzler and Naef (2008). Selected sprinkling experiments were simulated by Faeh, Scherrer, and Naef (1997), who numerically solved the two-dimen- Scherrer et al (2007) and Kienzler and Naef (2008).…”

Section: Sprinkling Experiments and Study Catchmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process‐based hydrological modelling: The potential of a bottom‐up approach for runoff predictions in ungauged catchments

Antonetti

Scherrer

Kienzler

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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Conceptual rainfall–runoff models are a valuable tool for predictions in ungauged catchments. However, most of them rely on calibration to determine parameter values. Improving the representation of runoff processes in models is an attractive alternative to calibration. Such an approach requires a straightforward, a priori parameter allocation procedure applicable on a wide range of spatial scales. However, such a procedure has not been developed yet. In this paper, we introduce a process‐based runoff generation module (RGM‐PRO) as a spin‐off of the traditional runoff generation module of the PREVAH hydrological modelling system. RGM‐PRO is able to exploit information from maps of runoff types, which are developed on the basis of field investigations and expert knowledge. It is grid based, and within each grid cell, the process heterogeneity is considered to avoid information loss due to grid resolution. The new module is event based, and initial conditions are assimilated and downscaled from continuous simulations of PREVAH, which are also available for real‐time applications. Four parameter allocation strategies were developed, on the basis of the results of sprinkling experiments on 60‐m2 hillslope plots at several grassland locations in Switzerland, and were tested on five catchments on the Swiss Plateau and Prealps. For the same catchments, simulation results obtained with the best parameter allocation strategy were compared with those obtained with different configurations of the traditional runoff generation module of PREVAH, which was also applied as an event‐based module here. These configurations include a version that avoids calibration, one that transfers calibrated parameters, and one that uses regionalised parameter values. RGM‐PRO simulated heavy events in a more realistic way than the uncalibrated traditional runoff generation module of PREVAH, and, in some instances, it even exceeded the performance of the calibrated traditional one. The use of information on the spatial distribution of runoff types additionally proved to be valuable as a regionalisation technique and showed advantages over the other regionalisation approaches, also in terms of robustness and transferability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sprinkling Experiments and Study Catchmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process‐based hydrological modelling: The potential of a bottom‐up approach for runoff predictions in ungauged catchments

Antonetti

Scherrer

Kienzler

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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“…Kienzler and Naef (2008) also stated that vertical macropores and lateral preferential flow paths can transfer water quickly and directly into streams. Preferential interflow was identified at depths of 60-90 cm by Kahl et al (2007) at the present site.…”

Section: Hydrochemical Analysis and Applicability Of Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-component hydrograph separation based on geochemical tracers in a tropical mountainous headwater catchment in northern Thailand

Hugenschmidt

Ingwersen

Sangchan

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Land-use change in the mountainous parts of northern Thailand is reflected by an increased application of agrochemicals, which may be lost to surface and groundwater. The close relation between flow paths and contaminant transport within hydrological systems requires recognizing and understanding the dominant hydrological processes. To date, the vast majority of studies on runoff generation have been conducted in temperate regions. Tropical regions suffer from a general lack of data, and little is known about runoff generation processes. To fill this knowledge gap, a three-component hydrograph separation based on geochemical tracers was carried out in a steep, remote and monsoondominated study site (7 km 2 ) in northern Thailand. Silica and electrical conductivity (EC) were identified as useful tracers and were applied to calculate the fractions of groundwater (similar to pre-event water), shallow subsurface flow and surface runoff on stormflow. K + was a useful indicator for surface runoff dynamics, and Ca 2+ provided insights into groundwater behaviour. Nevertheless, neither measure was applicable for the quantification of runoff components. Cl − and further parameters (e.g. Na + , K + , and Mg 2+ ) were also not helpful for flow path identification, nor were their concentrations distinguishable among the components.Groundwater contributed the largest fractions to stormflow (62-80 %) throughout all events, followed by shallow subsurface flow (17-36 %) and surface runoff (2-13 %). Our results provide important insights into the dynamics of the runoff processes in the study area and may be used to assess the transport pattern of contaminants (i.e. agrochemicals) here.

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“…Soil moisture provides a connection between physical processes at the catchment scale and biological processes at finer scales (Wu et al ., ). It will not only affect subsurface streamflow (Kienzler and Naef, ) and saturation excess overland flow (van Meerveld and McDonnell, ), but also primary productivity, soil biogeochemical processes, and energy exchange between land and atmosphere (Hanson and Weltzin, ). Table and Figure show the 95% predictive intervals and probability distributions of days soil moisture levels are near the wilting point at both low (11% of volume, from soil survey geographic database SSURGO of Natural Resources Conservation Service, available at http://soils.usda.gov/survey/geography/ssurgo/, last accessed on April 6, 2012) and high elevations (9% of volume, from SSURGO).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of hydrology to climate change in the southern Appalachian Mountains using Bayesian inference

Clark

Vose

2013

Hydrological Processes

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Predicting long‐term consequences of climate change on hydrologic processes has been limited due to the needs to accommodate the uncertainties in hydrological measurements for calibration, and to account for the uncertainties in the models that would ingest those calibrations and uncertainties in climate predictions as basis for hydrological predictions. We implemented a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) analysis to coherently admit multiple data sources and uncertainties including data inputs, parameters, and model structures to identify the potential consequences of climate change on soil moisture and streamflow at the head watersheds ranging from low to high elevations in the southern Appalachian region of the United States. We have considered climate change scenarios based on three greenhouse gas emission scenarios of the Interovernmental Panel on Climate Change: A2, A1B, and B1 emission scenarios. Full predictive distributions based on HB models are capable of providing rich information and facilitating the summarization of prediction uncertainties. With predictive uncertainties taken into account, the most pronounced change in soil moisture and streamflow would occur under the A2 scenario at both low and high elevations, followed by the A1B scenario and then by the B1 scenario. Uncertainty in the change of soil moisture is less than that of streamflow for each season, especially at high elevations. A reduction of soil moisture in summer and fall, a reduction or slight increase of streamflow in summer, and an increase of streamflow in winter are predicted for all three scenarios at both low and high elevations. The hydrological predictions with quantified uncertainties from a HB model could aid more‐informed water resource management in developing mitigation plans and dealing with water security under climate change. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Temporal variability of subsurface stormflow formation

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Process‐based hydrological modelling: The potential of a bottom‐up approach for runoff predictions in ungauged catchments

Process‐based hydrological modelling: The potential of a bottom‐up approach for runoff predictions in ungauged catchments

A three-component hydrograph separation based on geochemical tracers in a tropical mountainous headwater catchment in northern Thailand

Response of hydrology to climate change in the southern Appalachian Mountains using Bayesian inference

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