Temporal variability in detritus resource maintains diversity of bacterial communities

Hiltunen, Teppo; Laakso, Jouni; Kaitala, Veijo; Suomalainen, Lotta-Riina; Pekkonen, Minna

doi:10.1016/j.actao.2007.12.002

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…D-cellobiose, fumarate, and gluconate (detailed list in Tiirola et al . [32]), and based on our observations can grow better on low resource concentrations than S. marcescens [25]. It seems that both species do modify their resource environment at the beginning, and these changes are immediately beneficial to S. marcescens , but not to N. capsulatum which is consistent with the observed species-specific time lags before exponential growth phase in the population growth in the batch cultures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…marcescens . Serratia marcescens however grows faster on intermediate and high concentrations (mean ± s.e.m Monod parameters estimated from measured growth rates in 0.1–1.0 gl -1 hay extract are: maximum growth rate r max = 0.103 ±0.047, half saturation constant K s = 0.29 ±0.36, and r max = 0.418 ±0.157, K s = 1.72 ±0.89 for N. capsulatum and S. marcescens , respectively [25]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These species a) can be cultivated both in isolation and together in laboratory conditions, b) form distinguishable colonies when grown on agar plates, and c) coexist and grow readily on detritus resource used in the experiment [24]. The study species were chosen because they have contrasting growth dynamics [24,25]. Serratia marcescens could be loosely categorized as a copiotroph, an organism that can grow rapidly in rich nutritional conditions [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal changes in species interactions in simple aquatic bacterial communities

Pekkonen

Laakso

2012

BMC Ecol

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BackgroundOrganisms modify their environment and in doing so change the quantity and possibly the quality of available resources. Due to the two-way relationship between organisms and their resource environment, and the complexity it brings to biological communities, measuring species interactions reliably in any biological system is a challenging task. As the resource environment changes, the intensity and even the sign of interactions may vary in time. We used Serratia marcescens and Novosphingobium capsulatum bacteria to study how the interaction between resource environment and organisms influence the growth of the bacterial species during circa 200 generations. We used a sterile-filtering method to measure how changes in resource environment are reflected in growth rates of the two species.ResultsChanges in the resource environment caused complex time and species composition-dependent effects on bacterial growth performance. Variation in the quality of the growth medium indicated existence of temporally fluctuating within-species facilitation and inhibition, and between-species asymmetric facilitation.ConclusionsThe interactions between the community members could not be fully predicted based only on the knowledge of the growth performance of each member in isolation. Growth dynamics in sterile-filtered samples of the conditioned growth medium can reveal both biologically meaningful changes in resource availability and temporally changing facilitative resource-mediated interactions between study species. This is the first study we are aware of where the filter-sterilization – growth assay method is applied to study the effect of long-term changes in the environment on species interactions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal changes in species interactions in simple aquatic bacterial communities

Pekkonen

Laakso

2012

BMC Ecol

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“…Environmental reddening leads to enhanced species coexistence (Long et al, 2007;Matthews and Gonzales, 2007) and diversity (Hiltunen et al, 2008) in experimental microcosms. Species coexistence can come about through different mechanisms under red or white environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Community stability under different correlation structures of species’ environmental responses

Ruokolainen

Ranta

Kaitala

et al. 2009

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…The criteria for selecting these three bacterial species included positive growth on both the nutrient broth agar and liquid prey culture medium and that the species were distinguishable based on their colony color and morphology. The source of organic carbon in our liquid prey culture medium was filtered plant detritus (hay extract, Ward’s natural science, Rochester, NY), for a detailed recipe and methods for culture media preparation see [17,18]. Three final concentrations of plant detritus used throughout experiment were 0.215, 1.075 and 2.15 mg/l and they are referred hereafter as low, intermediate and high resource concentrations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative importance of competition and predation in environment characterized by resource pulses – an experimental test with a microbial community

Hiltunen

Laakso

2013

BMC Ecol

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BackgroundResource availability and predation are believed to affect community dynamics and composition. Although the effects of resource availability and predation on prey communities are usually studied in isolation, these factors can also have interactive effects, especially since the outcome of competition under shared predation is expected to depend on resource availability. However, there are few experimental studies that test the interactive roles of resources and predation on dynamics of more complex multispecies communities. Here, we examine the importance of competition and predation on microbial community dynamics in a resource pulse environment.ResultsWe manipulated resource availability and predation simultaneously in a microbial microcosm experiment, where a bacterial community was exposed to the protozoan predator Tetrahymena thermophila in three different resource concentrations (low, intermediate and high). The prey community consisted of three heterotrophic bacterial species: Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens and Novosphingobium capsulatum, all feeding on a shared plant detritus medium. In fresh culture media, all species grew in all resource concentrations used. However, during experiments without any addition of extra resources, the existing resources were soon depleted to very low levels, slowing growth of the three bacterial species. Prior to the microcosm experiment, we measured the competitive ability and grazing resistance, i.e. reduced vulnerability to predation, of each prey species. The three species differed in allocation patterns: in general, N. capsulatum had the best competitive abilities and B. cereus had good grazing resistance abilities. In the long-term microcosm experiment, N. capsulatum dominated the community without predation and, with predation, B. cereus was the dominant species in the intermediate and high resource environments.ConclusionsShort-term, single-species assays revealed significant differences in the allocation of competitive and defensive traits among the prey species. Based on these differences, we were, to some extent, able to predict how the long-term community structure, e.g. species dominance, is modified by the resource availability and predation interaction in pulsed resource environments. Our results are consistent with theoretical predictions and also highlight the importance of interactive effects of resource competition and predation, suggesting that these factors should not be studied in isolation.

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Temporal variability in detritus resource maintains diversity of bacterial communities

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Temporal changes in species interactions in simple aquatic bacterial communities

Temporal changes in species interactions in simple aquatic bacterial communities

Community stability under different correlation structures of species’ environmental responses

The relative importance of competition and predation in environment characterized by resource pulses – an experimental test with a microbial community

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