Temporal trends of chlorinated paraffins and polychlorinated biphenyls in Swiss soils

Bogdal, Christian; Niggeler, Nadja; Glüge, Juliane; Diefenbacher, Pascal S.; Wächter, Daniel; Hungerbühler, Konrad

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.073

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The general emissions trend (increasing emissions in Switzerland until the mid-1980s and decreasing emissions afterwards) is, however, confirmed by measurements of PCB concentrations in Swiss soils. Bogdal et al [ 56 ] reconstructed temporal trends of PCBs in archived soil samples from six sampling sites in Switzerland, covering the period 1989 to 2014. The soil concentrations of the PCBs peaked in all sampling sites in or after 1994, which was ten years after the peak of the emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Import, use, and emissions of PCBs in Switzerland from 1930 to 2100

et al. 2017

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic compounds that are ubiquitously found in the environment. Their use and manufacture were restricted or banned in many countries in the 1970–1980s, however, they still persist in the antroposphere, the environment and in biota worldwide today. Conventions like the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution encourage or bind the member parties to annually submit emission inventories of regulated air pollutants. Unfortunately, several member states have not yet reported PCB emissions. The identification and quantification of stocks and emissions sources is, however, an important precondition to handle and remove the remaining reservoirs of PCBs and, thus, to be able to reduce emissions and subsequently environmental exposure. Here, we estimate past, present, and future emissions of PCBs to air in Switzerland and provide emission factors for all relevant emission categories. Switzerland hereby represents a typical developed industrial country, and most of the assumptions and parameters presented here can be used to calculate PCB emission also for other countries. PCB emissions to air are calculated using a dynamic mass flow and emissions model for Switzerland, which is run for the years 1930–2100. The results point out the importance of the use of PCBs in open applications, which have largely been previously overlooked. Additionally, we show that PCBs will persist in applications during the coming decades with ongoing emissions. Especially the use of PCBs in open applications will cause Swiss emissions to remain above 100 kg PCB per year, even after the year 2030. Our developed model is available in Excel/VBA and can be downloaded with this article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is reasonable as PCB concentrations in soil decrease very slowly. Bogdal et al [ 56 ] calculated a halving time for concentrations of PCBs in soil of approximately eight years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Import, use, and emissions of PCBs in Switzerland from 1930 to 2100

et al. 2017

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“…PCBs PFASs takes decades for the ozone layer to recover 58 come. Levels in soils, 59 sediments 60 and biota 61 decline especially slowly clear trends for environmental and wildlife levels yet 63 Technical implications for remediation…”

Section: Cfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is High Persistence Alone a Major Cause of Concern?

Cousins¹,

Ng²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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High persistence (environmental degradation half-lives of several years or more) has important implications for the behavior of chemicals in the environment. Persistent chemicals are distributed widely, often globally, and reach (much) higher concentrations than short-lived chemicals emitted at the same rate. We illustrate these features of highly persistent chemicals using a unit-world environmental fate model. Over the last decades, persistent chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls and poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances have caused serious impacts on the environment and human health. We argue that high persistence should be given particular emphasis in chemicals assessment and management and that highly persistent chemicals should be regulated on the basis of their persistence alone (P-sufficient approach)

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“…SCCPs are restricted under the Stockholm Convention due to their recognized persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. 1 MCCPs and LCCPs are also of environmental concern because of their frequent detection in various environmental and biological samples [2][3][4][5] including samples from humans. 6,7 Environmental property values such as equilibrium partition coefficients (K) need to be known for environmental fate and risk assessments, although the extremely high complexity of CP mixtures hampers the use of conventional experimental and theoretical approaches to obtain their property data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement and extension of COSMO-RS-trained fragment contribution models for predicting the partition properties of C_10–20 chlorinated paraffin congeners

Endo

2021

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Temporal trends of chlorinated paraffins and polychlorinated biphenyls in Swiss soils

Cited by 50 publications

References 46 publications

Import, use, and emissions of PCBs in Switzerland from 1930 to 2100

Import, use, and emissions of PCBs in Switzerland from 1930 to 2100

Why is High Persistence Alone a Major Cause of Concern?

Refinement and extension of COSMO-RS-trained fragment contribution models for predicting the partition properties of C_10–20 chlorinated paraffin congeners

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Temporal trends of chlorinated paraffins and polychlorinated biphenyls in Swiss soils

Cited by 50 publications

References 46 publications

Import, use, and emissions of PCBs in Switzerland from 1930 to 2100

Import, use, and emissions of PCBs in Switzerland from 1930 to 2100

Why is High Persistence Alone a Major Cause of Concern?

Refinement and extension of COSMO-RS-trained fragment contribution models for predicting the partition properties of C10–20 chlorinated paraffin congeners

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Refinement and extension of COSMO-RS-trained fragment contribution models for predicting the partition properties of C_10–20 chlorinated paraffin congeners