Temporal trends in nitrogen concentrations and losses from agricultural catchments in the Nordic and Baltic countries

Stålnacke, Per; Aakerøy, Paul Andreas; Blicher-Mathiesen, Gitte; Iital, Arvo; Jansons, Viesturs; Koskiaho, Jari; Kyllmar, Katarina; Lagzdiņš, Ainis; Pengerud, Annelene; Povilaitis, Arvydas

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.028

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed statistically significant and strong positive correlation between annual run-off and annual TN (R = 0.72) and TP (R = 0.85) loss for the Berze site, while in the Mellupite a substantially weaker relation was found (Table 4). A positive relation between run-off and nitrogen loss for the Norwegian and Swedish agricultural catchments was reported by Deelstra et al (2014), and similar findings for Danish and Estonian catchments were made by Stålnacke et al (2014). A study by Deelstra et al (2011) indicated that variation in TP loss corresponded to the variation in run-off.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Nutrient losses from subsurface drainage systems in Latvia

Lagzdiņš

Jansons

Sudars

et al. 2015

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Sc

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Artificial subsurface drainage systems are a common water management practice to remove excess water from agricultural land in the Baltic and Nordic countries. Unfortunately, these systems also serve as nutrient transport pathways from agricultural fields to downstream waterbodies. The objective of this study was to determine the status of subsurface drainage water in the context of implementation of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) and EU Nitrate Directive (ND), to investigate the impact of hydrology and mineral fertilizer application on nutrient losses through subsurface drainage systems and to evaluate the possible effects of climate change on drainage and nutrient loss. This research was conducted from 1995 through 2013 at the agricultural run-off-monitoring sites in Berze and Mellupite. Continuous-flow measurement data and composite water samples were collected on a monthly basis for assessment of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) and total phosphorus (TP) in drainage water. Results from the study indicated that the mean annual NO 3 -N concentration was slightly below the threshold level defined by ND, while TN concentrations exceeded the threshold level for good chemical status of water according to WFD. Differences in TN losses were mainly driven by the hydrologic behaviour at the study sites rather than by mineral fertilizer application rates, whereas TP losses under similar application rates were affected by open inlets for surface water accumulation. The comparison of meteorological data for the research period (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) with the long-term mean showed a pronounced evidence of climate change. The mean annual precipitation amount has increased at both Berze and Mellupite monitoring sites by 36 mm and 42 mm, respectively, compared to the long-term mean for 1950-1994. Meanwhile, the mean annual temperature during the research period was 7.3°C for Berze and 6.4°C for Mellupite, which is 1.4°C and 0.6°C warmer than longterm mean.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Nutrient losses from subsurface drainage systems in Latvia

Lagzdiņš

Jansons

Sudars

et al. 2015

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Sc

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“…Thus, the objective of this study was to, in a uniform manner, explore long-term temporal trends and variation in P concentrations and unit-area losses from small agricultural catchments in the Nordic and Baltic countries. A similar assessment of long-term trends in N concentrations and losses from these same catchments was recently published by Stålnacke et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In Norway, there have been targeted strategies towards reduced P losses from agricultural land due to the negative effect of P on lake water quality, with less focus on reducing N losses . In the analysis of N concentration and loss time series (Stålnacke et al 2014), no trends were detected for total nitrogen in the Norwegian catchments, and only one catchment (Volbu) showed downward trends in nitrate-N (NO 3 -N) concentration and loss time series.…”

Section: Trends In Phosphorus Concentrations and Lossesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One explanation for the relatively low number of significant trends in the studied catchments may be found in the temporal dynamics of water discharge, an aspect that is also discussed by Stålnacke et al (2014) in the analysis of long-term N time series from these same catchments. The effect of runoff on P loss is often more pronounced than its effect on N loss, since increased runoff can also cause increased concentrations of particulate P due to higher mobilisation of soil particles (Kronvang 1990).…”

Section: The Role Of Water Dischargementioning

confidence: 95%

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Temporal trends in phosphorus concentrations and losses from agricultural catchments in the Nordic and Baltic countries

Pengerud

Stålnacke

Bechmann

et al. 2015

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Sc

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This paper in a uniform manner examines temporal trends in phosphorus (P) concentrations and losses from small and well-monitored agricultural catchments in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Thirty-four catchments (range 0.1-33 km 2 ) in Norway (8), Denmark (5), Sweden (8), Finland (4), Estonia (3), Latvia (3) and Lithuania (3) were selected for the study. The time series ranged from 10 (2002-2011) to 21 years . The monthly P concentration and loss time series were tested for significant monotone trends (p < 0.05; two-sided test) using the partial Mann-Kendall test with stream discharge as an explanatory variable. The results show a large variation in concentrations and losses of total phosphorus (TP) among the 34 studied catchments, where the long-term mean annual losses varied from 0.09 to 7.5 kg TP ha −1 . In addition, a large interannual variability in losses within catchments was found with up to a factor of 23 between years within the same catchment. Six catchments showed downward temporal trends in the TP loss time series. One upward trend in TP losses was detected in a catchment in south-west Sweden. Eight downward trends were detected in the TP concentration time series. Overall, our results show (1) a huge variability in mean P losses and concentrations among catchments, (2) a huge temporal variability in losses within catchments and (3) few detectable changes in P losses and concentrations over the study period. The results showcase the need for implementation of mitigation strategies towards reduced P losses from agricultural landscapes in the Nordic/Baltic Sea region in order to improve P water quality and ecology in surface waters.

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“…The National Action Plan against Agricultural Pollution for 1985-1988 developed mitigation strategies consisting of a set of legislative, regulatory, and economic instruments as well as information campaigns (Bechmann et al, 2008). Long-term monitoring in small streams in agricultural areas has showed variable temporal trends in nutrient losses (Bechmann et al, 2008;Stålnacke et al, 2014), but a recent evaluation (Skarbøvik et al, 2014) concluded that implemented measures have positively influenced river water quality. The typical effect in salmon rivers was classified as small.…”

Section: Agricultural Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway

Forseth

Barlaup

Finstad

et al. 2017

ICES Journal of Marine Science

205

186

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically and culturally important species. Norway has more than 400 watercourses with Atlantic salmon and supports a large proportion of the world's wild Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon are structured into numerous genetically differentiated populations, and are therefore managed at the population level. Long-distance migrations between freshwater and ocean habitats expose Atlantic salmon to multiple threats, and a number of anthropogenic factors have contributed to the decline of Atlantic salmon during the last decades. Knowledge on the relative importance of the different anthropogenic factors is vital for prioritizing management measures. We developed a semi-quantitative 2D classification system to rank the different anthropogenic factors and used this to assess the major threats to Norwegian Atlantic salmon. Escaped farmed salmon and salmon lice from fish farms were identified as expanding population threats, with escaped farmed salmon being the largest current threat. These two factors affect populations to the extent that they may be critically endangered or lost, with a large likelihood of causing further reductions and losses in the future. The introduced parasite Gyrodactylus salaris, freshwater acidification, hydropower regulation and other habitat alterations were identified as stabilized population threats, which have contributed to populations becoming critically endangered or lost, but with a low likelihood of causing further loss. Other impacts were identified as less influential, either as stabilized or expanding factors that cause loss in terms of number of returning adults, but not to the extent that populations become threatened. Management based on population specific reference points (conservation limits) has reduced exploitation in Norway, and overexploitation was therefore no longer regarded an important impact factor. The classification system may be used as a template for ranking of anthropogenic impact factors in other countries and as a support for national and international conservation efforts.

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Temporal trends in nitrogen concentrations and losses from agricultural catchments in the Nordic and Baltic countries

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

Nutrient losses from subsurface drainage systems in Latvia

Nutrient losses from subsurface drainage systems in Latvia

Temporal trends in phosphorus concentrations and losses from agricultural catchments in the Nordic and Baltic countries

The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway

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