Temporal trends and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) infants among Asian American mothers by ethnicity

Yusuf, Korede K.; Dongarwar, Deepa; Alagili, Dania E.; Maiyegun, Sitratullah O; Salihu, Hamisu M.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.07.004

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, the relative risk for low birth weight at term was lower in non-Japanese mothers than in Japanese women. Japanese mothers' physical traits, such as their low body mass index (BMI) and short stature, is one of the assumed causes, as evidenced by studies conducted in other nations [36][37][38]. Actually, a similar trend of Japanese mothers having higher risk, compared with white mothers or mothers from Korea, China, and the Philippines, was observed in the United States [36,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Japanese mothers' physical traits, such as their low body mass index (BMI) and short stature, is one of the assumed causes, as evidenced by studies conducted in other nations [36][37][38]. Actually, a similar trend of Japanese mothers having higher risk, compared with white mothers or mothers from Korea, China, and the Philippines, was observed in the United States [36,37]. In addition, the birth weight of infants was reported to be lower in Japanese than in other ethnicities [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of maternal nationality with preterm birth and low birth weight rates: analysis of nationwide data in Japan from 2016 to 2020

Okui

Sato

Morokuma

et al. 2023

matern health, neonatol and perinatol

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Background The rate of low birth weight or preterm birth is known to vary according to the birth place of mothers. However, in Japan, studies that investigated the association between maternal nationalities and adverse birth outcomes are few. In this study, we investigated the association between maternal nationalities and adverse birth outcomes. Methods We obtained live birth data from the Vital Statistics 2016–2020 of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. We used data on maternal age, sex, parity, gestational age, birth weight, number of fetuses, household occupation, paternal nationality, and maternal nationality for each infant. We compared the rates of preterm birth and low birth weight at term among mothers whose nationalities were Japan, Korea, China, Philippines, Brazil, and other countries. Log binomial regression model was used to investigate the association between maternal nationality and the two birth outcomes using the other infants’ characteristics as covariates. Results In the analysis, data on 4,290,917 singleton births were used. Mothers from Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other nations had preterm birth rates of 4.61%, 4.16%, 3.97%, 7.43%, 7.69%, and 5.61%, respectively. The low birth weight rate among Japanese mothers was 5.36% and was the highest among the maternal nationalities. Regression analysis showed that the relative risk for preterm birth among Filipino, Brazilian, and mothers from other countries (1.520, 1.329, and 1.222, respectively) was statistically significantly higher compared with Japanese mothers. In contrast, the relative risk for Korean and Chinese mothers (0.870 and 0.899, respectively) was statistically significantly lower compared with Japanese mothers. Mothers from Korea, China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other nations had a relative risk for low birth weight that was statistically significantly lower than that of Japanese mothers (0.664, 0.447, 0.867, 0.692, and 0.887, respectively). Conclusions Support for mothers from the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries are necessary to prevent preterm birth. A future study is necessary to investigate the differences in characteristics among mothers of different nationalities in order to uncover the reason for the high risk for low birth weight among Japanese mothers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of maternal nationality with preterm birth and low birth weight rates: analysis of nationwide data in Japan from 2016 to 2020

Okui

Sato

Morokuma

et al. 2023

matern health, neonatol and perinatol

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“…Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) including eclampsia, preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension are significant risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery (PTD), small for gestational age (SGA), and infant mortality [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The prevalence of HDP in the United States (U.S.) has been increasing over the past few decades from 2.9% in 1989 to 7.2% in 2018 [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and clinical factors (pre-existing conditions such as chronic hypertension, body mass index [BMI], etc.) [ 1 , 5 , 6 , 10 ]. Women with pre-existing (chronic) hypertension are more likely to have superimposed preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with HDP, the prevalence of chronic hypertension has been rising over the last few decades [ 9 ]. Both PTD and SGA increase the risk of infant mortality and morbidity as well as the risk of delayed neurodevelopment that may have long-term consequences such as impaired cognition, learning difficulties, cerebral palsy, impaired hearing, and impaired vision [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The combination of PTD and SGA confers an increased risk of infant mortality [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy with Infant Mortality, Preterm Delivery, and Small for Gestational Age

Wilson,

Mateus,

Ash

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and chronic hypertension (CHTN) are associated with adverse infant outcomes and disproportionately affect minoritized race/ethnicity groups. We evaluated the relationships between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and/or CHTN with infant mortality, preterm delivery (PTD), and small for gestational age (SGA) in a statewide cohort with a diverse racial/ethnic population. All live, singleton deliveries in South Carolina (2004–2016) to mothers aged 12–49 were evaluated for adverse outcomes: infant mortality, PTD (20 to less than <37 weeks) and SGA (<10th birthweight-for-gestational-age percentile). Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. In 666,905 deliveries, mothers had superimposed preeclampsia (HDP + CHTN; 1.0%), HDP alone (8.0%), CHTN alone (1.8%), or no hypertension (89.1%). Infant mortality risk was significantly higher in deliveries to women with superimposed preeclampsia, HDP, and CHTN compared with no hypertension (relative risk [RR] = 1.79, 1.39, and 1.48, respectively). After accounting for differing risk by race/ethnicity, deliveries to women with HDP and/or CHTN were more likely to result in PTD (RRs ranged from 3.14 to 5.25) or SGA (RRs ranged from 1.67 to 3.64). As CHTN, HDP and superimposed preeclampsia confer higher risk of adverse outcomes, prevention efforts should involve encouraging and supporting mothers in mitigating modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.

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Maternal Characteristics and Prevalence of Infants Born Small for Gestational Age

Xiang,

Li,

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceBeing born small for gestational age (SGA) is a risk factor for neonatal mortality and adverse outcomes in the short and long term. The maternal profile in China has substantially changed over the past decade, which may affect the risk of infants born SGA.ObjectivesTo analyze the prevalence of infants born SGA from 2012 through 2020 and explore the association of maternal sociodemographic characteristics and other factors with that prevalence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined data from the National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System on women who delivered singleton live births at gestational ages of 28 to 42 weeks from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2020, in China. Statistical analysis was performed from December 2022 to September 2023.ExposuresCharacteristics of delivery (year, region of country, and hospital level), mother (age, educational level, marital status, prenatal visits, parity, preexisting diseases, or prenatal complications), and newborn (birth weight, sex, and gestational age).Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of infants born SGA stratified by severity and by region of the country, changes in prevalence based on log-linear Poisson regression with robust variance, and association of maternal characteristics with changes in prevalence of infants born SGA between 2012 and 2020 based on the Fairlie nonlinear mean decomposition.ResultsAmong 12 643 962 births (6 572 548 [52.0%] male; median gestational age, 39 weeks [IQR, 38-40 weeks]), the overall weighted prevalence of infants born SGA was 6.4%, which decreased from 7.3% in 2012 to 5.3% in 2020, translating to a mean annual decrease rate of 3.9% (95% CI, 3.3%-4.5%). The prevalence of infants born SGA decreased from 2.0% to 1.2% for infants with severe SGA birth weight and from 5.3% to 4.1% for those with mild to moderate SGA birth weight. The mean annual rate of decrease was faster for infants with severe SGA birth weight than for those with mild to moderate SGA birth weight (5.9% [95% CI, 4.6%-7.1%] vs 3.2% [95% CI, 2.6%-3.8%]) and was faster for the less developed western (5.3% [95% CI, 4.4%-6.1%]) and central (3.9% [95% CI, 2.9%-4.8%]) regions compared with the eastern region (2.3% [95% CI, 1.1%-3.4%]). Two-thirds of the observed decrease in the prevalence of infants born SGA could be accounted for by changes in maternal characteristics, such as educational level (relative association, 19.7%), age (relative association, 18.8%), prenatal visits (relative association, 20.4%), and parity (relative association, 19.4%). Conversely, maternal preexisting diseases or prenatal complications counteracted the decrease in the prevalence of infants born SGA (−6.7%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of births in China from 2012 to 2020, maternal characteristics changed and the prevalence of infants born SGA decreased. Future interventions to reduce the risk of infants born SGA should focus on primary prevention.

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Temporal trends and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) infants among Asian American mothers by ethnicity

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Association of maternal nationality with preterm birth and low birth weight rates: analysis of nationwide data in Japan from 2016 to 2020

Association of maternal nationality with preterm birth and low birth weight rates: analysis of nationwide data in Japan from 2016 to 2020

The Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy with Infant Mortality, Preterm Delivery, and Small for Gestational Age

Maternal Characteristics and Prevalence of Infants Born Small for Gestational Age

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