Temporal trend in mortality due to protein-calorie malnutrition among older adults in Brazil during the period 2000-2021

Abstract

Objective To analyze the temporal trend in mortality from protein-calorie malnutrition among older adults in Brazil from 2000 to 2021. Method An epidemiological study with an ecological, descriptive analytical design was conducted. Annual data were obtained from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM) for the specified period. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated using the direct method and the world population as a reference. The Prais-Winsten model and Annual Percentage Change (APC) were used to observe the mortality trend. Results From 2000 to 2021, the general mortality rate from protein-calorie malnutrition in older adults fluctuated, reaching a maximum in 2006 (28.74) and minimum in 2021 (10.64), with a decreasing trend (β=- 0.015; p=0.005; APC=-3.454%). Analysis of standardized mortality rates by sex revealed a decreasing trend for both genders, and higher rates among men throughout the historical series. Regarding age group, a decline in mortality among individuals aged 60-79 years and a stable trend in subjects aged ≥ 80 years was observed. Conclusion The study results showed a drop in the rate of mortality from protein-calorie malnutrition among older adults. However, mortality rates from this modifiable cause remain high, underscoring the need to improve health care for this specific population.