Temporal summation in dark-adapted 10-week old infants

Fulton, Anne B.; Hansen, Ronald M.; Yeh, Y. S.; Tyler, Christopher W.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(91)90050-f

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There is good agreement between thresholds estimated using this rapid staircase and using the method of constant stimuli (Hansen et al, 1986; Fulton et al, 1991b). Stimulus parameters (size, duration, spectral composition, and eccentricity) are chosen based on the experiment at hand.…”

Section: Human Rop: the Neural Retina And Its Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 60%

The neurovascular retina in retinopathy of prematurity

Fulton

Hansen

Moskowitz

et al. 2009

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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118

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The continuing worldwide epidemic of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of childhood visual impairment, strongly motivates further research into mechanisms of the disease. Although the hallmark of ROP is abnormal retinal vasculature, a growing body of evidence supports a critical role for the neural retina in the ROP disease process. The age of onset of ROP coincides with the rapid developmental increase in rod photoreceptor outer segment length and rhodopsin content of the retina with escalation of energy demands. Using a combination of non-invasive electroretinographic (ERG), psychophysical, and image analysis procedures, the neural retina and its vasculature have been studied in prematurely born human subjects, both with and without ROP, and in rats that model the key vascular and neural parameters found in human ROP subjects. These data are compared to comprehensive numeric summaries of the neural and vascular features in normally developing human and rat retina. In rats, biochemical, anatomical, and molecular biological investigations are paired with the non-invasive assessments. ROP, even if mild, primarily and persistently alters the structure and function of photoreceptors. Post-receptor neurons and retinal vasculature, which are intimately related, are also affected by ROP; conspicuous neurovascular abnormalities disappear, but subtle structural anomalies and functional deficits may persist years after clinical ROP resolves. The data from human subjects and rat models identify photoreceptor and post-receptor targets for interventions that promise improved outcomes for children at risk for ROP.

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Section: Human Rop: the Neural Retina And Its Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 60%

The neurovascular retina in retinopathy of prematurity

Fulton

Hansen

Moskowitz

et al. 2009

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Self Cite

128

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At least five alternations of response type (correct, incorrect) are obtained. Control experiments show good agreement between thresholds estimated using the staircase and those estimated using the method of constant stimuli (Fulton et al, 1991; Hansen et al, 1986). The size, duration, wavelength, and eccentricity of the stimuli are selected as required in the different studies.…”

Section: Assessment Of Rod and Rod-driven Retinal Functionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…We use a modified two-alternative preferential looking method to measure scotopic thresholds (Fulton et al, 1991; Hansen et al, 2008; Hansen and Fulton, 1989; Hansen et al, 1986). Before testing, the child, accompanied by a parent, dark adapts for 30 minutes.…”

Section: Assessment Of Rod and Rod-driven Retinal Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neural retina in retinopathy of prematurity

Hansen

Moskowitz

Akula

et al. 2017

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a neurovascular disease that affects prematurely born infants and is known to have significant long term effects on vision. We conducted the studies described herein not only to learn more about vision but also about the pathogenesis of ROP. The coincidence of ROP onset and rapid developmental elongation of the rod photoreceptor outer segments motivated us to consider the role of the rods in this disease. We used noninvasive electroretinographic (ERG), psychophysical, and retinal imaging procedures to study the function and structure of the neurosensory retina. Rod photoreceptor and post-receptor responses are significantly altered years after the preterm days during which ROP is an active disease. The alterations include persistent rod dysfunction, and evidence of compensatory remodeling of the post-receptor retina is found in ERG responses to full-field stimuli and in psychophysical thresholds that probe small retinal regions. In the central retina, both Mild and Severe ROP delay maturation of parafoveal scotopic thresholds and are associated with attenuation of cone mediated multifocal ERG responses, significant thickening of post-receptor retinal laminae, and dysmorphic cone photoreceptors. These results have implications for vision and control of eye growth and refractive development and suggest future research directions. These results also lead to a proposal for noninvasive management using light that may add to the currently invasive therapeutic armamentarium against ROP.

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“…Thus, our early studies that documented differences between infant and adult electroretinographic (ERG) responses to full-field stimuli suggested immaturities of the retinal cells 1, 25, 26. The ERG data, as well as psychophysical data,7, 18, 21 identified the rod photoreceptor as a site of critical immaturity in young infants. This led us to determine the growth curve for the rod visual pigment, rhodopsin,27-29 and to study phototransduction processes in infants 6, 20.…”

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confidence: 93%

Development of Rod Function in Term Born and Former Preterm Subjects

Fulton

Hansen²,

Moskowitz³

2009

Optometry and Vision Science

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Purpose Provide an overview of some of our electroretinographic and psychophysical studies of normal development of rod function and their application to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods Electroretinographic (ERG) responses to full-field stimuli were recorded from dark adapted subjects. Rod photoreceptor sensitivity, SROD, was calculated by fit of a biochemical model of the activation of phototransduction to the ERG a-wave. Dark adapted psychophysical thresholds for detecting 2° spots in parafoveal (10° eccentric) and peripheral (30° eccentric) retina were measured and the difference between the thresholds, Δ10-30, was examined as a function of age. SROD and Δ10-30 in term born and former preterm subjects were compared. Results In term born infants, (1) the normal developmental increase in SROD changes proportionately with the amount of rod visual pigment, rhodopsin, and (2) rod mediated function in central retina is immature compared to that in peripheral retina. In subjects born prematurely, deficits in rod photoreceptor sensitivity persist long after active ROP has resolved. Maturation of rod mediated thresholds in the central retina is prolonged by mild ROP. Conclusions Characterization of the development of normal rod and rod mediated function provides a foundation for understanding ROP.

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Temporal summation in dark-adapted 10-week old infants

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

The neurovascular retina in retinopathy of prematurity

The neurovascular retina in retinopathy of prematurity

The neural retina in retinopathy of prematurity

Development of Rod Function in Term Born and Former Preterm Subjects

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